Recommendations for statistical analysis involving null hypothesis significance testing

Harrison, Andrew J.; McErlain-Naylor, Stuart A.; Bradshaw, Elizabeth; Dai, Boyi; Nunome, Hiroyuki; Hughes, Gerwyn; Kong, Pui Wah; Vanwanseele, Benedicte; Vilas-Boas, João Paulo; Fong, Daniel Tik-Pui

doi:10.1080/14763141.2020.1782555

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Specifically, inter-limb variation in IMU Step metrics should only be considered indicative of asymmetry if they are greater than the reported inter-unit CV for that metric (Bishop, 2020). Future research should establish what magnitude of asymmetry, beyond the now known inter-unit variation, could be deemed clinically meaningful (Harrison et al, 2020).…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-unit reliability of IMU Step metrics using IMeasureU Blue Trident inertial measurement units for running-based team sport tasks

Armitage

Beato

McErlain-Naylor

2021

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The aim of this study was to determine the inter-unit reliability of IMU Step biomechanical load monitoring metrics using IMeasureU Blue Trident inertial measurement units in tasks common to running-based team sports. Knowledge of variability between units is required before researchers and practitioners can make informed decisions on "true" differences between limbs. Sixteen male college soccer players performed five running-based tasks, generating 224 trials and 17,012 steps. Data were analysed for each task and for the whole session, investigating six IMU Step metrics: step count; impact load; bone stimulus; and low, medium and high intensity steps. Inter-unit reliability was excellent (ICC ≥ 0.90) for 21 out of 26 metrics, and good (0.83 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.86) for all other metrics except for Yo-Yo impact load (ICC = 0.79) which was acceptable. These findings confirm the inter-unit reliability of IMU Step metrics using IMeasureU Blue Trident inertial measurement units for running-based team sports. Now that inter-unit variability has been quantified, researchers and practitioners can use this information when interpreting inter-limb differences for monitoring external biomechanical training load.

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Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-unit reliability of IMU Step metrics using IMeasureU Blue Trident inertial measurement units for running-based team sport tasks

Armitage

Beato

McErlain-Naylor

2021

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…When deriving the cost function and a satisfactory magnitude of difference, the intended application of the model should be considered [4]. Just as with statistical inference in experimental sports biomechanics studies [157], all parameters and methodologies used in a theoretical approach should be justified. To ensure the validity of the evaluation process, future researchers may look to pre-register, or at least specify within the study, the cost functions to be used and the criteria required for successful evaluation [158].…”

Section: Review Of Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Forward-Dynamics Simulation Models for Predicting Optimal Technique in Maximal Effort Sporting Movements

2021

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The identification of optimum technique for maximal effort sporting tasks is one of the greatest challenges within sports biomechanics. A theoretical approach using forward-dynamics simulation allows individual parameters to be systematically perturbed independently of potentially confounding variables. Each study typically follows a four-stage process of model construction, parameter determination, model evaluation, and model optimization. This review critically evaluates forward-dynamics simulation models of maximal effort sporting movements using a dynamical systems theory framework. Organismic, environmental, and task constraints applied within such models are critically evaluated, and recommendations are made regarding future directions and best practices. The incorporation of self-organizational processes representing movement variability and “intrinsic dynamics” remains limited. In the future, forward-dynamics simulation models predicting individual-specific optimal techniques of sporting movements may be used as indicative rather than prescriptive tools within a coaching framework to aid applied practice and understanding, although researchers and practitioners should continue to consider concerns resulting from dynamical systems theory regarding the complexity of models and particularly regarding self-organization processes.

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“…Due to the limited funding available and the logistical barriers to recruitment and testing, the maximum number of participants we were able to recruit over three consecutive years was 48. Therefore researchers should not rely on the NHST only, but should also use alternative and more suitable statistical approaches (Harrison et al 2020).…”

Section: Effect Of Mental Fatigue On Half-marathon Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mental Fatigue on Half-Marathon Performance: a Pragmatic Trial

Gattoni

O’Neill

Schena

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Purpose It is well established that mental fatigue impairs performance during lab-based endurance tests lasting < 45 min. However, the effects of mental fatigue on longer-duration endurance events and in field settings are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mental fatigue on performance during a half-marathon race.Methods Forty-six male amateur runners (means ± SD: age 43.8 ± 8.6 years, V̇O2max 46.0 ± 4.1 ml/kg/min) completed an half-marathon after being randomly allocated to performing a 50-min mentally-fatiguing task (mental fatigue group) or reading magazines for 50 min (control group). Running speed, heart rate, and perceived effort were measured during the race.Results The mental fatigue group completed the half-marathon approximately four minutes slower (106.2 ± 12.4 min) than the control group (102.4 ± 10.2 min), but this difference was not statistically significant (Cohen’s d = 0.333; p = 0.265). However, equivalence was not established (t(40.88) = 0.239, p = 0.594) and equivalence testing analysis excluded a worthwhile positive effect of mental fatigue on half-marathon performance.Conclusion Due to its posttest-only design and the achievable sample size, the study did not have enough power to provide evidence that the observed 4-minute increase in half-marathon time is statistically significant. However, equivalence testing suggests that mental fatigue has no beneficial effects on half-marathon performance in male amateur runners, and harmful effects cannot be excluded. Overall, it seems prudent for endurance athletes to avoid mentally-fatiguing tasks before competitions.

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Recommendations for statistical analysis involving null hypothesis significance testing

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Inter-unit reliability of IMU Step metrics using IMeasureU Blue Trident inertial measurement units for running-based team sport tasks

Inter-unit reliability of IMU Step metrics using IMeasureU Blue Trident inertial measurement units for running-based team sport tasks

A Review of Forward-Dynamics Simulation Models for Predicting Optimal Technique in Maximal Effort Sporting Movements

The Effect of Mental Fatigue on Half-Marathon Performance: a Pragmatic Trial

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