Recommendations for replacing PET on packaging, fiber, and film materials with biobased counterparts

Sousa, Andreia F.; Patrício, Rafael; Terzopoulou, Zoi; Bikiaris, Dimitrios N.; Stern, Tobias; Wenger, Julia; Loos, Katja; Lotti, Nadia; Siracusa, Valentina; Szymczyk, Anna; Paszkiewicz, Sandra; Triantafyllidis, Konstantinos S.; Zamboulis, Alexandra; Nikolić, Marija S.; Spasojević, Pavle; Thiyagarajan, Shanmugam; Es, Daan S. van; Guigo, Nathanaël

doi:10.1039/d1gc02082j

Cited by 95 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 210 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Synthesized via the polycondensation between 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and an alkylene glycol, PAFs embody the most credible bioderived alternative to fossilbased poly(alkylene terephthalates) (PATs) [12][13][14]. They show thermo-mechanical, gas barrier, and UV-barrier properties comparable with or even superior to those of the corresponding PATs, which highlights their suitability to be applied in the food packaging field [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Thermomechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid) via Reduced Graphene Oxide and Bioderived Poly(decamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polylactide (PLA) is the most widely used biopolymer, but its poor ductility and scarce gas barrier properties limit its applications in the packaging field. In this work, for the first time, the properties of PLA solvent-cast films are improved by the addition of a second biopolymer, i.e., poly(decamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PDeF), added in a weight fraction of 10 wt%, and a carbon-based nanofiller, i.e., reduced graphene oxide (rGO), added in concentrations of 0.25–2 phr. PLA and PDeF are immiscible, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, with PDeF spheroidal domains showing poor adhesion to PLA. The addition of 0.25 phr of rGO, which preferentially segregates in the PDeF domains, makes them smaller and considerably rougher and improves the interfacial interaction. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirms the immiscibility of the two polymer phases and highlights that rGO enhances the crystallinity of both polymer phases (especially of PDeF). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) highlights the positive impact of rGO and PDeF on the thermal degradation resistance of PLA. Quasi-static tensile tests evidence that adding 10 wt% of PDeF and a small fraction of rGO (0.25 phr) to PLA considerably enhances the strain at break, which raises from 5.3% of neat PLA to 10.0% by adding 10 wt% of PDeF, up to 75.8% by adding also 0.25 phr of rGO, thereby highlighting the compatibilizing role of rGO on this blend. On the other hand, a further increase in rGO concentration decreases the strain at break due to agglomeration but enhances the mechanical stiffness and strength up to an rGO concentration of 1 phr. Overall, these results highlight the positive and synergistic contribution of PDeF and rGO in enhancing the thermomechanical properties of PLA, and the resulting nanocomposites are promising for packaging applications.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Thermomechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid) via Reduced Graphene Oxide and Bioderived Poly(decamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For this reason, some thermoplastics have already been replaced with biodegradable polyesters based on succinic acid for the production of packaging materials 11 . Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) has good barrier properties, which collectively depend on the polarity of the polymer, chain symmetry, crystallinity, molecular weight, orientation and temperature 12 . However, PBS has poor water permeability and elasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To enhance PBS elasticity and reduce the crystallinity, a dilinoleic acid or dilinoleic diol derived from plant oil 13 has recently been used for the synthesis of poly[(butylene succinate)-co-(dilinoleic succinate)] copolyesters (PBS-DLS) by two-step synthesis using titanium oxide/silicon dioxide (TiO2/SiO2) catalyst via melt polycondensation 14 . The polymers are semi-crystalline and the butylene succinate segments characterized by high crystallinity are responsible for the stiffness of the materials 12,15 while the soft segments containing amorphous dilinoleic succinate (DLS) impart polymers' flexibility, depending on their weight fraction 13 . In this way, it is possible to obtain materials with various properties, ranging from rigid to rubber-like, which allows the properties to be tailored to a specific application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(butylene-succinate)-based blends with enhanced oxygen permeability

Kantor-Malujdy

Skowron

Fray

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is a biodegradable polymer produced from renewable raw materials and is widely used in the production of packaging materials. Among important features, oxygen permeability is crucial for “breathing” packaging materials (such as packaging for medical devices sterilized with gaseous ethylene oxide). Recently, poly(butylene succinate-dilinolene succinate) (PBS-DLS) copolymers containing long chains of fatty acids and showing excellent elasticity were synthesized. In this work, bio-based polymer blends of PBS and PBS-DLS copolymer with an aliphatic-aromatic poly(butylene terephthalate-butylene adipate) (PBAT) (Ecoflex) were prepared in order to further improve their oxygen permeability while maintaining mechanical stability. PBS and PBS-DLS copolymer containing 90 wt% of hard segments and 10 wt% of soft segments, respectively, were used for blends preparation with 10 wt% of PBAT. The chemical structure was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and thermal properties were determined with differential scanning calorimetry. The melt flow index and hardness were determined and the mechanical and barrier properties were also examined. Low amount of PBAT did not affect melting temperatures for all tested materials. Importantly, the oxygen permeability of PBS-DLS/PBAT blend was comparable to non-biodegradable high-density polyethylene (HDPE) Tyvek used for medical devices packaging.

show abstract

“…For this reason, some thermoplastics have already been replaced with biodegradable and bio-based polyesters based on succinic acid for the production of packaging materials 11,12 . Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) has good barrier properties, which collectively depend on the polarity of the polymer, chain symmetry, crystallinity, molecular weight, orientation and temperature 13 . However, PBS has poor water permeability and elasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To enhance PBS elasticity and reduce crystallinity, a dilinoleic acid or dilinoleic diol derived from plant oil 14 has recently been used for the synthesis of poly[(butylene succinate)-co-(dilinoleic succinate)] copolyesters (PBS-DLS) by two-step synthesis using titanium oxide/silicon dioxide (TiO2/SiO2) catalyst via melt polycondensation 15 . The polymers are semi-crystalline and the butylene succinate segments characterized by high crystallinity are responsible for the stiffness of the materials 13,16 while the soft segments containing amorphous dilinoleic succinate (DLS) impart polymers' flexibility, depending on their weight fraction 14 . In this way, it is possible to obtain materials with various properties, ranging from rigid to rubber-like, which allows the properties to be tailored to a specific application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(butylene-succinate)-based blends with enhanced oxygen permeability

Kantor-Malujdy

Skowron

Fray

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is a biodegradable polymer produced from renewable raw materials and is widely used in the production of packaging materials. Among important features, oxygen permeability is crucial for “breathing” packaging materials (such as packaging for medical devices sterilized with gaseous ethylene oxide). Recently, poly(butylene succinate-dilinolene succinate) (PBS-DLS) copolymers containing long chains of fatty acids and showing excellent elasticity were synthesized. In this work, bio-based polymer blends of PBS and PBS-DLS copolymer with an aliphatic-aromatic poly(butylene terephthalate-butylene adipate) (PBAT) (Ecoflex) were prepared in order to further improve their oxygen permeability while maintaining mechanical stability. PBS and PBS-DLS copolymer containing 90 wt% of hard segments and 10 wt% of soft segments, respectively, were used for blends preparation with 10 wt% of PBAT. The chemical structure was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and thermal properties were determined with differential scanning calorimetry. The introduction of PBAT to the blends did not affect their melting temperatures. The mechanical properties of the blends are also similar to separate ones.The melt flow index and hardness were determined and the mechanical and barrier properties were also examined. Importantly, the oxygen permeability of PBS-DLS/PBAT blend was comparable to non-biodegradable high-density polyethylene (HDPE) Tyvek used for medical devices packaging.

show abstract

Recommendations for replacing PET on packaging, fiber, and film materials with biobased counterparts

Abstract: What are the most promising biobased PET replacements? Are they economically feasible? Are they sustainable? Industrially feasible? In the future, PET will certainly be replaced by more than one option, e.g., PEF, PTF, bio-PET, and PLA.

Cited by 95 publications

References 210 publications

Improving the Thermomechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid) via Reduced Graphene Oxide and Bioderived Poly(decamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)

Improving the Thermomechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid) via Reduced Graphene Oxide and Bioderived Poly(decamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)

Poly(butylene-succinate)-based blends with enhanced oxygen permeability

Poly(butylene-succinate)-based blends with enhanced oxygen permeability

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About