Recommendations for occupational therapy interventions for adults with ADHD: a consensus statement from the UK adult ADHD network

Adamou, Marios; Asherson, Philip; Arif, Muhammad; Buckenham, Louise; Cubbin, Sally; Dancza, Karina; Gorman, Kirstie; Gudjónsson, Gisli H.; Gutman, Sharon A.; Kustow, James; Mabbott, Kerry; May-Benson, Teresa A.; Müller-Sedgwick, Ulrich; Pell, Emma; Pitts, Mark; Rastrick, Suzanne; Sedgwick, Jane; Smith, Kath; Taylor, Cathy; Thompson, Lucy; Rensburg, Kobus van; Young, Susan

doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03070-z

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In conclusion, this study has shown that ADHD symptoms are associated with higher odds for stress and that in turn, stress is an important factor in the association between ADHD symptoms and suicidal ideation. As there is some indication that individuals with ADHD/ADHD symptoms may use maladaptive coping strategies in response to stressful situations ( 63 ), some of which may be linked to increased life impairments ( 64 ), then the results of this study underscore the importance of identifying sources of stress in this population and of both developing and fostering the use of stress management techniques ( 65 ) and adaptive stress coping strategies ( 64 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, perceived stress, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveAttention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms have been linked to suicidal behavior. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in this association. This study examined ADHD symptoms and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of self–perceived stress in this association.MethodData were analyzed from an online sample of 1,452 Japanese individuals aged 18 to 89 obtained in February 2021. Information was collected on past–year suicidal ideation. ADHD symptoms were assessed with the Adult ADHD Self–Report Scale (ASRS) Screener while stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS−14). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ−9), while the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD−7) was used to assess anxiety symptoms. Logistic regression was used to examine associations.ResultsFifty–one (3.5%) individuals had ADHD symptoms, while more than one in ten (11.7%) of the respondents reported past–year suicidal ideation. In an analysis adjusted for sociodemographic factors, ADHD symptoms were associated with eight times higher odds for past–year suicidal ideation. However, adjusting the analysis for mental health variables (anxiety and depressive symptoms) attenuated the association which became non–significant (odds ratio [OR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92–4.18). In contrast, in an analysis adjusted for mental health, individuals with ADHD symptoms and stress had significantly higher odds for suicidal ideation (OR: 3.72, 95%CI: 1.43–9.67) whereas, ADHD symptoms without stress were not linked to suicidal ideation (OR: 1.25, 95%CI: 0.38–4.18).ConclusionsSelf–perceived stress is important in the association between ADHD symptoms and suicidal ideation among individuals in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Detecting and managing stress and its effects in individuals with ADHD/ADHD symptoms should be a therapeutic focus for improving health–related outcomes in this population both during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, perceived stress, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2022

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“…In terms of clinical implications, our results suggest that interventions aiming to reduce individuals’ stress responses may be beneficial in reducing the co-occurrence of ADHD symptoms and internalising problems. Stress management techniques are already recommended as part of occupational therapy interventions for adults with ADHD in the United Kingdom (Adamou et al, 2021 ). Stress management interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction training or cognitive behavioural therapy have been found to effectively reduce stress and improve wellbeing in individuals suffering from depression or anxiety (Carpenter et al, 2018 ; Chi et al, 2018 ; Otte, 2011 ), however, to date, little is known about the efficacy of such techniques for preventing the development of internalising problems as secondary to ADHD symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of moment-to-moment dynamics of perceived stress and negative affect in co-occurring ADHD and internalising symptoms

Speyer

Brown²,

Ribeaud³

et al. 2022

J Autism Dev Disord

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A maladaptive response to stress in individuals with high ADHD traits may be a key factor explaining co-occurring ADHD symptoms and internalising problems. The current study investigates whether between-person differences in ADHD traits are associated with differences in the within-person moment-to-moment coupling of stress and negative affect; and whether these can explain between-person differences in internalising problems (N = 262, median-age 20). Results of a dynamic structural equation model indicated that between-person differences in ADHD traits significantly moderated the daily life coupling between stress and negative affect. Further, higher ADHD traits were associated with stronger stress carry-over and higher mean levels of negative affect. Stress carry-over and mean levels of negative affect mediated the association between ADHD traits and internalising problems.

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“…The results from this study indicate deficiencies in both the provision and the acceptability of non-pharmacological treatment for adult ADHD, among working adults. This includes occupational therapy, as very few participants in the current study had ever been in contact with an occupational therapist, despite consensus among ADHD experts regarding the importance of occupational therapists in ADHD interventions [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and work-related mental illness among working adults with ADHD: a qualitative study

et al. 2022

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Background Though many adults with ADHD underperform professionally, are more stressed, and have more days of sickness absence compared to adults without ADHD, few studies have explored the experience of working as an adult with ADHD. This study explores the general experience of working with ADHD, including stress and work-related mental illness. Methods Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 20 working adults with ADHD. Interview topics included how the ADHD diagnosis and/or symptoms of ADHD may have affected participants on the job, how work may have affected participants’ well-being, and the need for support and accommodation. Qualitative content analysis was used to explore verbatim transcripts from the interviews. Results The analysis yielded three themes that describe some of the challenges of working with ADHD: Working and living with ADHD, Needs, and Special abilities, with a total of eight subcategories. Subcategories were Specific challenges; Relationships and cooperation; Negative consequences; Planning, prioritization, organization, and structure; Support, interventions, accommodations, and aids; Openness, understanding, and acceptance; Strategies; Strengths and qualities. Conclusion Further knowledge about the challenges of working with ADHD is needed in workplaces; where organizational support is lacking, much in terms of accommodations and aids is up to the employee, and the disclosure of diagnoses may be associated with great dilemma.

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Recommendations for occupational therapy interventions for adults with ADHD: a consensus statement from the UK adult ADHD network

Cited by 11 publications

References 65 publications

Attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, perceived stress, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic

Attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, perceived stress, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic

The role of moment-to-moment dynamics of perceived stress and negative affect in co-occurring ADHD and internalising symptoms

Stress and work-related mental illness among working adults with ADHD: a qualitative study

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