Recommendation for the contouring of limbic system in patients receiving radiation treatment: A pictorial review for the everyday practice and education

Sorce, Claudia; Chalaszczyk, Agnieszka; Rossi, Francesca; Ferella, L.; Grimaldi, Gianmarco; Splendiani, Alessandra; Genovesi, Domenico; Marampon, Francesco; Orlandi, Ester; Iannalfi, Alberto; Masciocchi, Carlo; Gravina, Giovanni Luca

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103229

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The amygdala is separated from the hippocampus by a thin layer of white matter known as the alveus. Laterally, the amygdala is bordered by the white fibres of the temporal lobe [18,19].…”

Section: Delineationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Superiorly, each thalamus forms part of the floor of the lateral ventricle. Inferiorly, the thalami are limited by the hypothalamus anteriorly and by the midbrain posteriorly [18,19]. 4.…”

Section: Caudate Nucleus (''Caudatenucleus_r" and ''Caudatenucleus_l")mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They finally diverge anteriorly, curving behind the anterior commissure and in front of the interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro). The contour stops at the cranial border of the mammillary bodies [18,19].…”

Section: Optic Tract (''Optictract_r" and ''Optictract_l")mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update of the EPTN atlas for CT- and MR-based contouring in Neuro-Oncology

Eekers

Perri

Roelofs

et al. 2021

Radiotherapy and Oncology

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“…The amygdala is separated from the hippocampus by a thin layer of white matter known as the alveus. Laterally, the amygdala is bordered by the white fibres of the temporal lobe [18,19].…”

Section: Delineationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Superiorly, each thalamus forms part of the floor of the lateral ventricle. Inferiorly, the thalami are limited by the hypothalamus anteriorly and by the midbrain posteriorly [18,19]. 4.…”

Section: Caudate Nucleus (''Caudatenucleus_r" and ''Caudatenucleus_l")mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Update of the EPTN atlas for CT- and MR-based contouring in Neuro-Oncology

Eekers

Perri

Roelofs

et al. 2021

Radiotherapy and Oncology

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“…Radiative particles interact with molecules within cells, triggering a series of biological effects that lead to cell damage and death. The objective of radiotherapy is to maximize damage to tumor cells while minimizing harm to surrounding normal tissues ( Sorce et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Principles Of Radiotherapy and Interactions With Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the barrier: Nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy as the new vanguard in brain tumor treatment

Liu,

Li,

Liang

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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The pursuit of effective treatments for brain tumors has increasingly focused on the promising area of nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy (NERT). This review elucidates the context and significance of NERT, with a particular emphasis on its application in brain tumor therapy—a field where traditional treatments often encounter obstacles due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor cells’ inherent resistance. The aims of this review include synthesizing recent advancements, analyzing action mechanisms, and assessing the clinical potential and challenges associated with nanoparticle (NP) use in radiotherapy enhancement. Preliminary preclinical studies have established a foundation for NERT, demonstrating that nanoparticles (NPs) can serve as radiosensitizers, thereby intensifying radiotherapy’s efficacy. Investigations into various NP types, such as metallic, magnetic, and polymeric, have each unveiled distinct interactions with ionizing radiation, leading to an augmented destruction of tumor cells. These interactions, encompassing physical dose enhancement and biological and chemical radio sensitization, are crucial to the NERT strategy. Although clinical studies are in their early phases, initial trials have shown promising results in terms of tumor response rates and survival, albeit with mindful consideration of toxicity profiles. This review examines pivotal studies affirming NERT’s efficacy and safety. NPs have the potential to revolutionize radiotherapy by overcoming challenges in targeted delivery, reducing off-target effects, and harmonizing with other modalities. Future directions include refining NP formulations, personalizing therapies, and navigating regulatory pathways. NERT holds promise to transform brain tumor treatment and provide hope for patients.

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“…This system is a functional grouping rather than an anatomical one and includes portions of the cerebrum, diencephalon, and mesencephalon [1]. The limbic system is comprised of a set of closely interrelated brain parts that involve the cingulate gyrus, the anterior thalamus, the hypothalamus, mammillary bodies (from Latin corpus mamillare "breast-shaped" bodies), the hippocampus (seahorse, from Greek hippos, meaning "horse", and kampos, meaning "sea monster"), and the amygdala (from Greek amygdale meaning "almond") [12]. The limbic system was first described in 1872 by the French anatomist Paul Broca (1824-1880), who coined the term "limbic" (from Latin limbus for "border").…”

Section: Limbic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limbic Encephalitis and Autoimmune Encephalitides: Pathophysiology, Classification, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment

Shahpesandy¹

2023

WJNS

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Limbic encephalitis represents a cluster of autoimmune disorders, with inflammation in the medial temporal lobe characterised by the subacute onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, affective symptoms, psychosis, short-term memory impairment, as well as faciobrachial and grand mal seizures. The limbic system is a complex anatomical structure which this paper seeks to explain in terms of its anatomy and physiology, before exploring what happens when it is impaired as is the case of autoimmune and limbic encephalitis. We will discuss the pathophysiology, clinical symptomatology and diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis, a cluster of symptoms which can be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed within psychiatric settings. Characteristic indicators of autoimmune encephalitis include neurologic symptoms such as facial twitching, seizures, confusion, and cognitive decline; however, our experience realises that autoimmune encephalitis is not easy to identify as most patients initially present with psychiatric symptomatology rather than these neurological symptoms. Furthermore, immunological and laboratory testing take a long time to diagnose the condition. Importantly, few psychiatrists consider the autoimmune nature of the neuropsychiatric presentation. It is hence vital to consider autoimmune encephalitis in all patients with atypical presentations.

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Recommendation for the contouring of limbic system in patients receiving radiation treatment: A pictorial review for the everyday practice and education

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Update of the EPTN atlas for CT- and MR-based contouring in Neuro-Oncology

Update of the EPTN atlas for CT- and MR-based contouring in Neuro-Oncology

Breaking the barrier: Nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy as the new vanguard in brain tumor treatment

Limbic Encephalitis and Autoimmune Encephalitides: Pathophysiology, Classification, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment

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