Recombination of H and He in Yang–Mills Gravity

Katz, Daniel

doi:10.1142/s0217751x15501195

Cited by 2 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The conventional FLRW model of cosmology [8,9] was based on general relativity to discuss expansion dynamics of the universe. In quantum Yang-Mills grav-ity, the emergence of the effective metric tensor for the motion of macroscopic objects suggests that we can use Yang-Mills gravitational field equations to discuss an alternate dynamics for the expanding universe (i.e., a new HHK model of particle cosmology [10]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In quantum electrodynamics, this can be pictured in the Feynman diagrams with two vertices connected by a photon propagator. The key properties of the electric force F e (e − , e − ) (i.e., between electron and electron) and the force F e (e − , e + ) (i.e., between electron and positron) are given by the third terms in (9) and in (10), i.e., and the force F e (e + , e + ) is the same as F e (e − , e − ). Thus, we have experimentally established attractive and repulsive electric forces, which are due to the presence of i in the electromagnetic coupling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we have experimentally established attractive and repulsive electric forces, which are due to the presence of i in the electromagnetic coupling. The Yang-Mills gravitational force F Y M g (e − , e − ) (i.e., between electron and electron) and the force F Y M g (e − , e + ) (i.e., between electron and positron) are respectively given by the second terms in (9) and in (10). Because the gravitation coupling terms in ( 9) and ( 10) do not involve i, we have only an attractive gravitational force,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift based on cosmological principle and Yang-Mills gravity *

Hsu¹,

Hsu²

2019

Chinese Phys. C

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Based on the cosmological principle and quantum Yang-Mills gravity in the super-macroscopic limit, we obtain an exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift z, as measured in an inertial frame F ≡ F (t, x, y, z). For a matter-dominated universe, we have the effective cosmic metric tensor Gµν (t) = (B 2 (t), −A 2 (t), −A 2 (t), −A 2 (t)), A ∝ B ∝ t 1/2 , where t has the operational meaning of time in F frame. We assume a cosmic action S ≡ Scos involving Gµν (t) and derive the 'Okubo equation' of motion, G µν (t)∂µS∂νS − m 2 = 0, for a distant galaxy with mass m. This cosmic equation predicts an exact recession velocity,ṙ = rH/[1/2 + 1/4 + r 2 H 2 /C 2 o ] < Co, where H =Ȧ(t)/A(t) and Co = B/A, as observed in the inertial frame F . For small velocities, we have the usual Hubble's lawṙ ≈ rH for recession velocities. Following the formulation of the accelerated Wu-Doppler effect, we investigate cosmic redshifts z as measured in F . It is natural to assume the massless Okubo equation, G µν (t)∂µψe∂νψe = 0, for light emitted from accelerated distant galaxies. Based on the principle of limiting continuation of physical laws, we obtain a transformation for covariant wave 4-vectors between and inertial and an accelerated frame, and predict a relationship for the exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift, z = [(1+Vr)/(1−V 2 r ) 1/2 ]−1, where Vr =ṙ/Co < 1, as observed in the inertial frame F . These predictions of the cosmic model are consistent with experiments for small velocities and should be further tested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift based on cosmological principle and Yang-Mills gravity *

Hsu¹,

Hsu²

2019

Chinese Phys. C

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“…Exact CPT invariance in HHK model implies that the result (17) holds also for the antimatter half-universe. The value (17) appears to be reasonable because the cosmos expands slower in the HHK model than that in the Einstein-de Sitter or FLRW model, 12,13 so that it needs more time or larger t Y M o to reach its currents Hubble length…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For comparison, the scale factor a(t) in the FLRW model is given by a(t) ∝ t 2/3 for matter dominated cosmos and a(t) ∝ t 1/2 for radiation dominated cosmos. 1 Thus, the results of Yang-Mills gravity in (11) and (12) lead to slower expansions than those based on GR and give a different age of the universe.…”

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confidence: 99%

Big Jets model with CPT invariance and dynamics of expansion with quantum Yang–Mills gravity

Hsu

Katz

2018

Mod. Phys. Lett. A

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Based on particle physics, the fundamental CPT invariance suggests a Big Jets model for the beginning of the universe, in which two oppositely directed jets evolved into a gigantic 'matter half-universe' and a gigantic 'antimatter half-universe' after annihilation and decay processes. In the geometric-optics limit, quantum Yang-Mills gravity with T 4 translational gauge symmetry in flat spacetime leads to an effective metric tensor in the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for macroscopic objects. This effective metric tensor does not exist in the wave equations of quantum particles. For cosmological expansion, we assume that an "effective metric tensor" for spacetime geometry based on Yang-Mills gravity corresponds to the usual FLRW form. Dynamical equations of expansion for the matter half-universe are obtained and solved. The time-dependent scale factors and the estimated age of the universes, t Y M o ≈ 15.3 × 10 9 yr, based on Yang-Mills gravity are consistent with experiments. CPT invariance implies that the same evolution process and dynamics of cosmic expansion also hold for the distant 'antimatter half-universe.'

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Recombination of H and He in Yang–Mills Gravity

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift based on cosmological principle and Yang-Mills gravity *

Exact recession velocity and cosmic redshift based on cosmological principle and Yang-Mills gravity *

Big Jets model with CPT invariance and dynamics of expansion with quantum Yang–Mills gravity

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