Recombination mechanisms in bacteria

Lederberg, Joshua

doi:10.1002/jcp.1030450506

Cited by 120 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…6D) to complete the missing region, and finally anneal to the second end of the DSB, which need never have invaded the donor duplex. The latter mechanism resembles copy choice models (32), and a similar model has been proposed recently to account for P-induced events that seem to require the use of two different templates (19). In either case, there are two strand invasions and an annealing step.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Expansions and Contractions in a Tandem Repeat Induced by Double-Strand Break Repair

Pâques

Leung

Haber

1998

Molecular and Cellular Biology

299

350

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Repair of a double-strand break (DSB) in yeast can induce very frequent expansions and contractions in a tandem array of 375-bp repeats. These results strongly suggest that DSB repair can be a major source of amplification of tandemly repeated sequences. Most of the DSB repair events are not associated with crossover. Rearrangements appear in 50% of these repaired recipient molecules. In contrast, the donor template nearly always remains unchanged. Among the rare crossover events, similar rearrangements are found. These results cannot readily be explained by the gap repair model of Szostak et al. (J. W. Szostak, T. L. Orr-Weaver, R. J. Rothstein, and F. W. Stahl, Cell 33:25-35, 1983) but can be explained by synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) models that allow for crossover. Support for SDSA models is provided by a demonstration that a single DSB repair event can use two donor templates located on two different chromosomes.Tandem repeat instability is implicated in several human genetic diseases. The best-documented examples of deleterious rearrangements in tandem repeats are the massive amplifications of microsatellite DNA, known to be responsible for a dozen diseases, including fragile X syndrome and Huntington's disease (for reviews, see references 62 and 74). Rearrangements affecting minisatellites (repeats of 10 to 50 nucleotides) can be harmful, too (4). For example, expansions of a minisatellite are associated with epilepsy (30,31,73). During meiosis, minisatellites can display a very high rate of modification, including intra-allele duplications and deletions, and nonreciprocal interallelic transfer of information (2, 24). Recently, a human minisatellite was also found to display massive amplification (78). Rearrangements in tandem repeats are not specific to micro-and minisatellites. Expansions and contractions of larger tandem repeats have been observed in Drosophila melanogaster and yeast (48,49,69,75,76).While replication slippage can easily account for small changes in microsatellite copy number (63), the origin of massive amplifications remains a mystery. Since the predominant rearrangement events observed in minisatellites are nonreciprocal interallelic transfers of information, the meiotic instability affecting those sequences is thought to result from gene conversions rather than replication (24). Tandem repeat rearrangements observed in Drosophila are linked to P-M dysgenesis and have also been supposed to be the consequence of genetic recombination, because P-element excision is known to induce gene conversion (9,29,48,49,69).Gene conversions are most often explained by the doublestrand break (DSB) repair model, proposed by Resnick and Martin (54) and Szostak et al. (68) to account for recombination events in yeast and other fungi. Many of the features of this model, or of its revised version (67), have been experimentally verified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The initial observation that a DSB in the DNA double helix induced a gene conversion in mitotic cells (45) was corroborated by...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Expansions and Contractions in a Tandem Repeat Induced by Double-Strand Break Repair

Pâques

Leung

Haber

1998

Molecular and Cellular Biology

299

350

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“…of recombination which propose that breaks or interruptions in the DNA can be converted into recombinogenic sites either by enzymes normally participating in recombination (Cox and Lehman, 1987), or by errors in DNA replication and repair (Lederberg, 1955;Michel and Ehrlich, 1986a,b (Figure 1 and data not shown) is difficult to explain at the present time, but this difference might depend either on the phase of the cell cycle in which cells were injected (e.g. the S phase might favour recombination associated with replication), or on the part of the macronucleus into which DNA was injected.…”

Section: Paramecium Sequences Are Eliminated In Bs Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstitial telomeres are hotspots for illegitimate recombination with DNA molecules injected into the macronucleus of Paramecium primaurelia.

Katinka¹,

Bourgain

1992

The EMBO Journal

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DNA molecules injected into the macronucleus of Paramecium primaurelia replicate either as free linear telomerized or chromosome integrated molecules. In the present study we show that when a 1.77 kb BamHI DNA fragment harbouring the his3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was microinjected into the macronucleus, a fraction of the molecules are integrated into the chromosome via an illegitimate recombination process. The injected molecules were mostly inserted at their extremities at multiple points in the genome by replacing the Paramecium sequences. However, insertion sites were not totally at random. Roughly 30% of the molecules were integrated next to or in telomeric repeats. These telomeric repeats were not at the extremities of chromosomes but occupy an internal or interstitial position. We argue that such sites are hotspots for integration as the probability of random insertion near or in an interstitial telomeric site, of which there are 25-60 in a macronucleus is between 5x10-4 and 3x10-5.

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“…The fragmentary nature of the genetic material transduced (Lederberg, 1955; Demerec, 19563) and the action of specific alleles on recombination frequencies make it impossible to assign classical recombination values for the histidine region of the Salmonella chromosome. The latter effect also rules out Table 5a.…”

Section: P E Hartman J C Loper and D Smmanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Structure Mapping by Complete Transduction Between Histidine-requiring Salmonella Mutants

Hartman

Loper

Šerman

1960

Journal of General Microbiology

127

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Recombination mechanisms in bacteria

Cited by 120 publications

References 57 publications

Expansions and Contractions in a Tandem Repeat Induced by Double-Strand Break Repair

Expansions and Contractions in a Tandem Repeat Induced by Double-Strand Break Repair

Interstitial telomeres are hotspots for illegitimate recombination with DNA molecules injected into the macronucleus of Paramecium primaurelia.

Fine Structure Mapping by Complete Transduction Between Histidine-requiring Salmonella Mutants

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