Recombination junctions for efficient monolithic perovskite-based tandem solar cells: physical principles, properties, processing and prospects

Bastiani, Michele De; Subbiah, Anand S.; Aydın, Erkan; Isikgor, Furkan H.; Allen, Thomas G.; Wolf, Stefaan De

doi:10.1039/d0mh00990c

Cited by 76 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Experimentally, fabricating perovskite top cells (i.e., in the substrate configuration) is more complicated than single-junction (opaque) devices (in the superstrate configuration) since they require highly transparent electrodes at their front such as ITO, indium-doped ZnO (IZO), zirconium-doped In 2 O 3 (IZRO), or hydrogen-doped In 2 O 3 (IO:H) for charge collection. [298][299][300][301][302] Here, the widely used sputtering technique may lead to degradation of the underlying soft layers due to the impingement of highly energetic particles and plasma luminescence generated during deposition. Therefore, utilizing buffer layers is required for protection of the underlying perovskite film.…”

Section: Sno 2 Buffer Layers In Perovskite-based Tandem Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tin Oxide Electron‐Selective Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a promising photovoltaic (PV) technology, where the evolution of the electron‐selective layers (ESLs), an integral part of any PV device, has played a distinctive role to their progress. To date, the mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2)/compact TiO2 stack has been among the most used ESLs in state‐of‐the‐art PSCs. However, this material requires high‐temperature sintering and may induce hysteresis under operational conditions, raising concerns about its use toward commercialization. Recently, tin oxide (SnO2) has emerged as an attractive alternative ESL, thanks to its wide bandgap, high optical transmission, high carrier mobility, suitable band alignment with perovskites, and decent chemical stability. Additionally, its low‐temperature processability enables compatibility with temperature‐sensitive substrates, and thus flexible devices and tandem solar cells. Here, the notable developments of SnO2 as a perovskite‐relevant ESL are reviewed with emphasis placed on the various fabrication methods and interfacial passivation routes toward champion solar cells with high stability. Further, a techno‐economic analysis of SnO2 materials for large‐scale deployment, together with a processing‐toxicology assessment, is presented. Finally, a perspective on how SnO2 materials can be instrumental in successful large‐scale module and perovskite‐based tandem solar cell manufacturing is provided.

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Section: Sno 2 Buffer Layers In Perovskite-based Tandem Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tin Oxide Electron‐Selective Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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“…Local shunts originating from the coverage issue greatly reduces the performance of PSCs, particularly due to the high lateral conductivity of commonly used charge transport layers, such as ITO. [18,19] On the other hand, nickel oxide (NiO x ) has served as an efficient inorganic HTL since the inception of p-i-n PSCs. [20][21][22] The material is known to be a robust HTL, exhibiting a combination of superior stability and high optical transparency, which is of particular appeal for efficient commercial devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linked Nickel Oxide/Perovskite Interface Passivation for High‐Performance Textured Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells

Zhumagali

Isikgor

Maity

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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Sputtered nickel oxide (NiOx) is an attractive hole‐transport layer for efficient, stable, and large‐area p‐i‐n metal‐halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, surface traps and undesirable chemical reactions at the NiOx/perovskite interface are limiting the performance of NiOx‐based PSCs. To address these issues simultaneously, an efficient NiOx/perovskite interface passivation strategy by using an organometallic dye molecule (N719) is reported. This molecule concurrently passivates NiOx and perovskite surface traps, and facilitates charge transport. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single‐junction p‐i‐n PSCs increases from 17.3% to 20.4% (the highest reported value for sputtered‐NiOx based PSCs). Notably, the N719 molecule self‐anchors and conformally covers NiOx films deposited on complex surfaces. This enables highly efficient textured monolithic p‐i‐n perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, reaching PCEs up to 26.2% (23.5% without dye passivation) with a high processing yield. The N719 layer also forms a barrier that prevents undesirable chemical reactions at the NiOx/perovskite interface, significantly improving device stability. These findings provide critical insights for improved passivation of the NiOx/perovskite interface, and the fabrication of highly efficient, robust, and large‐area perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.

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“…We attribute this reduction in fill factor to incomplete and inhomogeneous coverage of the ITO recombination layer with PEDOT:PSS (Figures S4 and S5, Supporting Information), leading to a reduction in device shunt resistance. [32] Figure 3c shows a statistical account of PCE for both single junction a-Si:H and OPV devices, as well as textured 2-terminal devices (A full account of device parameters may be found in Figures S6-S8, Supporting Information). It should be noted that, in the case of single-junction a-Si:H devices, these cells are semitransparent in nature (AZO front electrode, ITO rear electrode) to better simulate their configuration within the tandem solar cell.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the tandem's voltage is equal to the sum of subcell voltages, in accordance to Kirchoff's law, we can assume that the contact between the ITO recombination layer and its adjacent charge transport layers is ohmic in nature. [32] The high fill factor of PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F at low light intensities makes it a highly suited blend for tandem applications. As the "bottom" subcell, approximately half of the photon energy received by the OPV is filtered by the preceding a-Si:H top cell in a tandem configuration .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Hybrid Amorphous Silicon/Organic Tandem Solar Cells Enabled by Near‐Infrared Absorbing Nonfullerene Acceptors

Troughton

Neubert

Gasparini

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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Monolithically stacked tandem solar cells present opportunities to absorb more of the sun's radiation while reducing the degree of energetic loss through thermalization. In these applications, the bandgap of the tandem's constituent subcells must be carefully adjusted so as to avoid competition for photons. Organic photovoltaics based on nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have recently exploded in popularity owing to the ease with which their electrical and optical properties can be tuned through chemistry. Here, highly complementary and efficient 2‐terminal tandem solar cells are reported based on a wide bandgap amorphous silicon absorber, and a narrow bandgap NFA bulk‐heterojunction with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 15%. Interface engineering of this tandem device allows for high PCEs across a wide range of light intensities both above and below “1 sun.” Furthermore, the addition of an inorganic silicon subcell enhances the operational stability of the tandem by reducing the light‐stress experienced by the bulk heterojunction, resolving a long‐standing stumbling block in organic photovoltaic research.

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Recombination junctions for efficient monolithic perovskite-based tandem solar cells: physical principles, properties, processing and prospects

Abstract: Crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells comprise more than 95% of the photovoltaics (PV) market. At wafer-scale, this technology is gradually reaching its practical power conversion efficiency (PCE) limit. Therefore, new...

Cited by 76 publications

References 113 publications

Tin Oxide Electron‐Selective Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells

Tin Oxide Electron‐Selective Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells

Linked Nickel Oxide/Perovskite Interface Passivation for High‐Performance Textured Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells

Efficient Hybrid Amorphous Silicon/Organic Tandem Solar Cells Enabled by Near‐Infrared Absorbing Nonfullerene Acceptors

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