Recombination in hepatitis C virus is not uncommon among people who inject drugs in Kolkata, India

Gupta, Debanjali; Saha, Kallol; Biswas, Aritra; Firdaus, Rushna; Ghosh, Monika; Sadhukhan, Provash Chandra

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2016.12.001

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The only other study on HCV genotypes from northeast India (Shillong, Meghalaya, 100 km from our hospital) reported the predominant existence of genotype 3 (48.7%) and genotype 6 (30.8%) in chronic liver disease patients (Barman et al, 2018). A Kolkata‐based study (geographically 1000 km away from our study location) predominantly found genotype 3a (56.2%) and genotype 1b(43.8%) in HCV‐infected intravenous drug users (Gupta et al, 2017). Another study from Myanmar reported a mixed distribution of HCV in high‐risk populations, mainly due to genotype 6 and genotype 3 followed by genotype 1 (Win et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The emergence of the uncommon 3f strain as a potential outbreak agent can have other inferences. As previously mentioned, the increased incidence of HCV due to an uncommon subtype may indicate the spread and transmission due to human migration‐related infections (Gupta et al, 2017). Some studies have reported the transmission of novel HCV genotypes/subtypes due to migration (Borgia et al, 2018) According to the phylogenetic tree (Figure 3), it is obvious that the current strain is genetically related to subtype 3i and perhaps to the more commonly found 3b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The prevalence of HCV in northeast India is higher than that in the entire nation (Phukan et al, 2003). However, the genotype distribution of HCV in northeast India has not been thoroughly investigated, and only a few studies have reported the predominant HCV genotypes 3 and 6 ( Barman et al, 2018;Christdas et al, 2013;Gupta et al, 2017;Shah et al, 2016;Win et al, 2016). The infection control activities are suboptimal even in tertiary care centers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Circulation of an atypical hepatitis C virus (HCV) strain at a dialysis unit in northeast India

2020

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Patients undergoing hemodialysis are at an increased risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The implementation of standard infection control measures can substantially decrease the risk of infections and other nosocomial infections. To study the HCV infection rates and genotypes in maintenance hemodialysis subjects in a dialysis unit. A total of 196 maintenance hemodialysis subjects were tested for HCV RNA for one year at a tertiary care teaching hospital in northeast India continuously. Genotyping was performed using direct sequencing (Sanger sequencing) of the 5′UTR‐core region. The HCV infection rate was 26.0%. On phylogenetic analysis, 29 sequences clustered around genotype 3 and subtype 3f were observed. High sequence similarities (75–100% homology) were observed among the isolated sequences. High molecular similarities in the isolates from the same dialysis unit with a high infection rate (26.0%) over a relatively short period of study (10 months) indicated an ongoing nosocomial transmission. Nosocomial transmission by subtype 3f is rare, and it has not been reported in dialysis cases previously. The strain is most likely evolving from common strains such as 3b or 3i and may spread due to migration or movement of people. Urgent implementation of adequate infection control measures is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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Circulation of an atypical hepatitis C virus (HCV) strain at a dialysis unit in northeast India

2020

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“…Nevertheless, several types of recombination have been reported over the years and have been categorized into three types: inter-genotype, inter-subtype, and intra-patient/intra-subtype recombination [ 14 ]. Previous research has identified eleven inter-genotype recombination types (2k/1b, 2i/6p, 2b/1b, 2/5, 2b/6w, 4/1, 3a/1b, 3a/1a, 2b/1a, 2a/1a, and 6a/3a) and seven inter-subtype recombination types (1b/1a, 1a/1c, 6a/6o, 6e/6o, 6e/6h, 6n/6o, and 4a/4d) based on either full-length or partial genome sequences [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Intra-patient recombination has also been reported [ 35 , 36 ], although it is more difficult to detect due to the genetic relatedness of the viral sequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Infections Unravel Novel HCV Inter-Genotypic Recombinant Forms within the Conserved IRES Region

Echeverría,

Gámbaro,

Beaucourt

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a significant global health challenge, affecting millions of people worldwide, with chronic infection a persistent threat. Despite the advent of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), challenges in diagnosis and treatment remain, compounded by the lack of an effective vaccine. The HCV genome, characterized by high genetic variability, consists of eight distinct genotypes and over ninety subtypes, underscoring the complex dynamics of the virus within infected individuals. This study delves into the intriguing realm of HCV genetic diversity, specifically exploring the phenomenon of mixed infections and the subsequent detection of recombinant forms within the conserved internal ribosome entry site (IRES) region. Previous studies have identified recombination as a rare event in HCV. However, our findings challenge this notion by providing the first evidence of 1a/3a (and vice versa) inter-genotypic recombination within the conserved IRES region. Utilizing advanced sequencing methods, such as deep sequencing and molecular cloning, our study reveals mixed infections involving genotypes 1a and 3a. This comprehensive approach not only confirmed the presence of mixed infections, but also identified the existence of recombinant forms not previously seen in the IRES region. The recombinant sequences, although present as low-frequency variants, open new avenues for understanding HCV evolution and adaptation.

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“…Although HCV is characterized by a high mutation rate, recombination is a rare event. However, different intergenotypic, called chimeras, and intragenotypic recombinant HCV strains have been identified around the world [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DAA Treatment Failure in a HIV/HBV/HCV Co-Infected Patient Carrying a Chimeric HCV Genotype 4/1b

Francesco

Gargiulo

Zaltron

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Approved direct antiviral agent (DAA) combinations are associated with high rates of sustained virological response (SVR) and the absence of a detectable hepatitis C viral load 12–24 weeks after treatment discontinuation. However, a low percentage of individuals fail DAA therapy. Here, we report the case of a HIV/HBV/HCV co-infected patient who failed to respond to DAA pangenotypic combination therapy. The sequencing of NS5a, NS5b, NS3 and core regions evidenced a recombinant intergenotypic strain 4/1b with a recombination crossover point located inside the NS3 region. The identification of this natural recombinant virus underlines the concept that HCV recombination, even if it occurs rarely, may play a key role in the virus fitness and evolution.

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Recombination in hepatitis C virus is not uncommon among people who inject drugs in Kolkata, India

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Circulation of an atypical hepatitis C virus (HCV) strain at a dialysis unit in northeast India

Circulation of an atypical hepatitis C virus (HCV) strain at a dialysis unit in northeast India

Mixed Infections Unravel Novel HCV Inter-Genotypic Recombinant Forms within the Conserved IRES Region

DAA Treatment Failure in a HIV/HBV/HCV Co-Infected Patient Carrying a Chimeric HCV Genotype 4/1b

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