Recombinant Vaccinia Virus: Immunization Against Multiple Pathogens

Abstract

The coding sequences for the hepatitis B virus surface antigen, the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D, and the influenza virus hemagglutinin were inserted into a single vaccinia virus genome. Rabbits inoculated intravenously or intradermally with this polyvalent vaccinia virus recombinant produced antibodies reactive to all three authentic foreign antigens. In addition, the feasibility of multiple rounds of vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus was demonstrated.

Cloning and Characterization of the Gene Encoding the Major Protein of the A-type Inclusion Body of Cowpox Virus

“…VV is now being used as a eukaryotic cloning and expression vector (Mackett & Smith, 1986) and, eventually, it may be used as a polyvalent vaccine (Perkus et al, 1985). The ATI gene may be non-essential for viral replication either in cells or animals injected by scarification, because ATI functions in CPV host-to-host dissemination, and an ATI-related truncated protein exists in VV-infected cells.…”

Non-essential Genes in the Vaccinia Virus HindIII K Fragment: a Gene Related to Serine Protease Inhibitors and a Gene Related to the 37K Vaccinia Virus Major Envelope Antigen

“…Second, it has several sites in the genome at which insertion of foreign DNA does not seriously affect replication in tissue culture Panicali et al, 1981 ;Panicali & Paoletti, 1982). Because of the multiplicity of such insertion sites, or nonessential regions, recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing several genes inserted at different loci have been constructed (Perkus et al, 1985). The most commonly used insertion site is the viral thymidine kinase (TK) gene (Mackett et al, 1982).…”

Generation and evaluation of a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine for rabies

“…Several factors contribute to the favorability of recombinant vaccines vectored by poxviruses: firstly, such vaccines are usually potent inducers of both arms of the immune response; secondly, the DNA genome of the virus is noninfectious and the virus relatively stable; thirdly, the poxvirus genome tolerates large insertions of foreign DNA (up to 30 kb), allowing for multivalent vaccine development; finally, these vaccines are relative easy to construct with modern genetic manipulation methodology [16], [17], [18], [19] and [20]. For many years, attenuated forms or naturally host restricted members of the poxvirus group have been considered safer vectors for an effective rabies vaccine.…”