Summary
Fungi that infect plants, animals or humans pose a serious threat to human health and food security. Antifungal proteins (
AFP
s) secreted by filamentous fungi are promising biomolecules that could be used to develop new antifungal therapies in medicine and agriculture. They are small highly stable proteins with specific potent activity against fungal pathogens. However, their exploitation requires efficient, sustainable and safe production systems. Here, we report the development of an easy‐to‐use, open access viral vector based on
Tobacco mosaic virus
(
TMV
). This new system allows the fast and efficient assembly of the open reading frames of interest in small intermediate entry plasmids using the Gibson reaction. The manipulated
TMV
fragments are then transferred to the infectious clone by a second Gibson assembly reaction. Recombinant proteins are produced by agroinoculating plant leaves with the resulting infectious clones. Using this simple viral vector, we have efficiently produced two different
AFP
s in
Nicotiana benthamiana
leaves, namely the
Aspergillus giganteus
AFP
and the
Penicillium digitatum
AfpB. We obtained high protein yields by targeting these bioactive small proteins to the apoplastic space of plant cells. However, when
AFP
s were targeted to intracellular compartments, we observed toxic effects in the host plants and undetectable levels of protein. We also demonstrate that this production system renders
AFP
s fully active against target pathogens, and that crude plant extracellular fluids containing the AfpB can protect tomato plants from
Botrytis cinerea
infection, thus supporting the idea that plants are suitable biofactories to bring these antifungal proteins to the market.