Recombinant origin, contamination, and de-discovery of XMRV

Delviks-Frankenberry, Krista A.; Cingöz, Oya; Coffin, John M.; Pathak, Vinay K.

doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.06.009

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…which showed a striking association between the presence of XMRV or MLV-related sequences and a chronic fatigue condition, both of which are currently retracted, some other groups of researchers have also reported positive amplification of murine gamma retrovirus sequences in human samples. Most amplifications have been attributed to sample contamination with mouse DNA [9-14], other, confirming lack of contaminant mouse DNA, have not been able to find an alternative explanation, but as in our study, their positive results could never be confirmed for a second viral gene in the same sample [32-34]. It is therefore possible that their inconsistent amplifications may come from spurious amplicon contamination similar to the ones we detected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Lack of evidence for retroviral infections formerly related to chronic fatigue in Spanish Fibromyalgia patients

Oltra

García-Escudero

Mena-Duran

et al. 2013

Virol J

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BackgroundThe etiology of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (FM/CFS) is currently unknown. A recurrent viral infection is an attractive hypothesis repeatedly found in the literature since it would explain the persistent pain and tiredness these patients suffer from. The initial striking link of two distinct orphan retroviruses: the gamma retroviruses murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related virus and the delta retrovirus T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) to chronic fatigue have not been confirmed to date.ResultsGenomic DNA (gDNA) from 75 fibromyalgia patients suffering from chronic fatigue and 79 age-matched local healthy controls were screened for the presence of MLV-related and HTLV-2 related proviral sequences. The XMRV env gene was amplified in 20% of samples tested (24% patients/15% healthy controls). Unexpectedly, no PCR amplifications from independent gDNA preparations of the same individuals were obtained. None of the positive samples showed presence of contaminating murine sequences previously reported by other investigators, neither contained additional regions of the virus making us conclude that the initial env amplification came from spurious air-driven amplicon contaminants. No specific HTLV-2 sequences were obtained at any time from any of the 154 quality-controlled gDNA preparations screened.ConclusionsPrevious associations between MLV-related or HTLV-2 retrovirus infection with chronic fatigue must be discarded. Thus, studies showing positive amplification of HTLV-2 sequences from chronic fatigue participants should be revised for possible undetected technical problems.To avoid false positives of viral infection, not only extreme precautions should be taken when nested-PCR reactions are prepared and exhaustive foreign DNA contamination controls performed, but also consistent amplification of diverse regions of the virus in independent preparations from the same individual must be demanded.The fact that our cohort of patients did not present evidence of any of the two types of retroviral infection formerly associated to chronic fatigue does not rule out the possibility that other viruses are involved in inciting or maintaining fibromyalgia and/or chronic fatigue conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Lack of evidence for retroviral infections formerly related to chronic fatigue in Spanish Fibromyalgia patients

Oltra

García-Escudero

Mena-Duran

et al. 2013

Virol J

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“…This also includes viruses that presumably play a causative role in PIA development [9]. However, virus involvement in prostate carcinogenesis remains to be demonstrated [10]. Human Polyomavirus BK (BKV) is a circular double stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Polyomaviridae family [11].…”

Section: Polyomavirus Bk and Prostate Cancer; An Unsolved Dilemmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyomavirus BK and prostate cancer: an unworthy scientific effort?

2014

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The Polyomavirus BK (BKV) has been proposed to be one of the possible co-factors in the genesis of prostate cancer (PCa) but, so far, the only convincing suggestion is the hypothesis of a “hit and run” carcinogenic mechanism induced by the virus at early stages of this disease. To support this hypothesis we conducted an updated systematic review on previous studies regarding the association between BKV and PCa, in order to interpret the contrasting results and to explore whether there might be a significant virus-disease link. This updated analysis provides evidence for a significant link between BKV expression and PCa development, particularly between the BKV infection and the cancer risk. Forthcoming scientific efforts that take cue from this study might overcome the atavistic and fruitless debate regarding the BKV-PCa association.

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“…However, not all studies on infections in CFS patients have been accurate. A recent finding of a retrovirus (XMRV) in CFS patients has been proven to be an artifact [209].…”

Section: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Cfs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegenerative and Fatiguing Illnesses, Infections and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Use of Natural Supplements to Improve Mitochondrial Function.

Nicolson

Settineri

Ellithorpe³

2014

FFHD

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Background: Many chronic diseases and illnesses are associated with one or more chronic infections, dysfunction of mitochondria and reduced production of ATP. This results in fatigue and other symptoms that occur in most if not all chronic conditions and diseases.Methods: This is a review of the published literature on chronic infections in neurodegenerative diseases and fatiguing illnesses that are also typified by mitochondrial dysfunction. This contribution also reviews the use of natural supplements to enhance mitochondrial function and reduce the effects of chronic infections to improve overall function in various chronic illnesses.Results: Mitochondrial function can be enhanced by the use of various natural supplements, notably Lipid Replacement Therapy (LRT) using glyerolphospholipids and other mitochondrial supplements. In various chronic illnesses that are characterized by the presence of chronic infections, such as intracellular bacteria (Mycoplasma, Borrelia, Chlamydia and other infections) and viruses, LRT has proven useful in multiple clinical trials. For example, in clinical studies on chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome and other chronic fatiguing illnesses where a large majority of patients have chronic infections, LRT significantly reduced fatigue by 35-43% in different clinical trials and increased mitochondrial function. In clinical trials on patients with multiple intracellular bacterial infections and intractable fatigue LRT plus other mitochondrial supplements significantly decreased fatigue and improved mood and cognition.Conclusions: LRT formulations designed to improve mitochondrial function appear to be useful as non-toxic dietary supplements for reducing fatigue and restoring mitochondrial and other cellular membrane functions in patients with chronic illnesses and multiple chronic infections. BackgroundPatients with chronic neurodegenerative, neurobehavioral and fatiguing illnesses commonly test positive for systemic and central nervous system (CNS) bacterial and viral infections [1][2][3]. In addition, other chronic illnesses where neurological manifestations are routinely found, such as autoimmune diseases and other chronic illnesses and disorders, also show evidence of systemic bacterial and viral infections that could be important in disease inception, progression and/or enhancing the types and severities of signs and symptoms [2,3].Evidence of bacterial infections, such as Mycoplasma species, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Borrelia burgdorferi, among others, and viruses, such as human herpesvirus (HHV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpes viruses (HHV) and other viral infections, have revealed high rates of infection in the illnesses listed above that were not found in control populations [1][2][3]. Although the specific roles of chronic infections in various diseases and their pathogeneses have not been carefully determined, the data suggest that chronic bacterial and/or viral infections are common features of essentially all progressive chronic diseases [1][2][3].An...

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Recombinant origin, contamination, and de-discovery of XMRV

Cited by 32 publications

References 93 publications

Lack of evidence for retroviral infections formerly related to chronic fatigue in Spanish Fibromyalgia patients

Lack of evidence for retroviral infections formerly related to chronic fatigue in Spanish Fibromyalgia patients

Polyomavirus BK and prostate cancer: an unworthy scientific effort?

Neurodegenerative and Fatiguing Illnesses, Infections and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Use of Natural Supplements to Improve Mitochondrial Function.

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