Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 as Bone Additive and its Relation with the Dental Implant Dimensions and Stability: Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background: The bone morphogenetic protein belongs to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and it is regarded as one of the biological factors that play major roles in the process of osteogenesis. Objective: To measure the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 with an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (rhBMP-2/ACS) on secondary implant stability and study the relation of other parameters like implant receipt jaws, implant diameter, and implant length with implant stability. Methods: Ten participants were enrolled in the study after a selective diagnosis. Forty-seven implants were classified into two groups: the study group included twenty-three dental implants with an additive of rhBMP-2/ACS, and the control group included twenty-four dental implants without an additive. Each patient received at least two implants on each ipsilateral side. The primary implant stability was measured at the surgical phase, and the secondary implant stability was recorded after 16–24 weeks by using the Resonance Frequency Analysis device. Results: There was a weak but not significant correlation between implant dimensions and stability, except in the control group. Concerning the ISQ relation to the jaw, the mandible showed a significant increase in primary stability for the study group compared to that in the control group, but no statistical relation was recorded. Conclusion: The mandible had higher ISO values for primary stability than the maxilla in both groups, with a non-significant connection. The maxilla in both groups had improved secondary stability, whereas the mandible had decreased. (clinicaltrials.gov-NCT05719181).