Recombinant human BMP9 (RhBMP9) in comparison with rhBMP2 for ridge augmentation following tooth extraction: An experimental study in the Beagle dog

Abstract

Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of rhBMP2 with rhBMP9 on ridge augmentation following healing of extraction sockets in dogs. Material and methods Five male Beagle dogs, approximately 12 months of age, were used. The mesial roots of the four maxillary premolars were endodontically treated. The distal roots were extracted, and the buccal bony walls removed. All extraction sockets were filled with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). A collagen membrane was soaked with 4 μg or 20 μg of rhBMP9, 20 μg of rhBMP2 or sterile saline and placed over the augmented sites. All animals were euthanized after 8 weeks of healing and investigated by micro‐CT and histologic analysis. A one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's HSD post hoc test was used to compare the differences between the four groups. Results New bone apposition in all defects was observed from the original bone. RhBMP samples showed an increase in bone formation in the buccal area and better integration of DBBM particles when compared to control sites. Both rhBMP9 defects showed higher values of bone (p = 0.024), bone marrow (p = 0.044), and total augmentation volume (p = 0.033) than the rhBMP2 (20 μg) or control sites. Highest bone area was found in rhBMP9 defects (p = 0.895). Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, rhBMP9 sites demonstrated higher bone‐inducing potential in combination with DBBM than rhBMP2. While rhBMP9s failed to demonstrate a clear dose‐response relationship to the outcomes, future studies are necessary to evaluate the appropriate dose and carrier systems.

Extraction Socket Preservation Using Growth Factors and Stem Cells: a Systematic Review

“…Three of them for sockets preservation as test group used BMP-2 [45-47] and collagen sponge [46], demineralized bone [45] or hydroxyapatite [47] as matrix. One study used MSC [48] and collagen membrane as a matrix, another one used BMP-9 [49] and collagen membrane, and in one study sockets were filled with bone marrow without any matrix [50]. The difference of socket width between test and control groups varies from 0.64 to 1.279 mm.…”

“…One of the main issues identified in previous and current reports is the dosage of the recombinant protein and the delivery method. Either absorbable collagen sponges [46,52] or mineralized grafts [45,47,49] have been identified as carriers in the current review. In both cases, the addition of the protein seems to induce better outcomes.…”

Scaffolds of bioactive glass (Bioglass®) combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein -9 (rhBMP-9) for tooth extraction site preservation

“…Similarly, Kobayashi [55] evidenced that even the lower doses of BMP9 had higher levels of osteogenic differentiation than BMP2. Saulacic [56] used different carriers soaked in rhBMP2 or rhBMP9 to implant into the extraction fossa of dogs to compare the healing effect. The results showed that the rhBMP9 group had a more remarkable bone formation.…”

Comparison of the biomechanical differences in the occlusal movement of wild-type and BMP9 knockout mice with apical periodontitis

“…Recent studies have shown that BMP9 may play an important role in tooth and dentoalveolar development. BMP9 can regulate dentin formation, root development, and alveolar crest height ( Saulacic et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2021a ). BMP9 knockout (KO) mice show significant defects in the dentoalveolar bone complex ( Huang et al, 2019 ).…”