Recombinant Antibodies in Veterinary Medicine: An Update

Abstract

The production of recombinant antibodies has had a tremendous impact on several research fields, most prominently in biotechnology, immunology and medicine, enabling enormous advances in each. Thus far, a broad diversity of recombinant antibody (rAb) forms have been designed and expressed using different expression systems. Even though the majority of rAbs approved for clinical use are targeted to humans, advances in veterinary medicine seem promising. The aim of this mini-review is to present an update regarding the rAbs in veterinary medicine reported to date, as well as their potential use in diagnostics, prophylaxis and therapeutics. Full- and single-chain fragment variables are the most common forms of rAbs developed for the detection, prevention and control of parasitic, bacterial and viral diseases, as well as pain and cancer treatment. Nonetheless, advances in research seem to be skewed toward economically important animals, such as pigs, cows, poultry and dogs. Although significant results have been obtained from the rAbs reported here, most have not been developed enough to be approved. Further research and clinical trials should be encouraged to enable important findings to fulfill their intended potential to improve animal well-being.

Generation and Characterization of a Spike Glycoprotein Domain A-Specific Neutralizing Single-Chain Variable Fragment against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

“…Along with the increasing need in the market, developments of therapeutic antibodies are being made to tackle severe infectious human diseases such as dengue fever [ 25 ], influenza [ 26 ], Ebola [ 27 ], and COVID-19 [ 28 ]. Efforts to develop therapeutic antibodies against animal diseases are also actively being made in veterinary medicine [ 29 , 30 ]. However, success has been limited in controlling swine diseases, which is one of the most valuable agricultural industries worldwide.…”

Evaluation of a Recombinant Mouse X Pig Chimeric Anti-Porcine DEC205 Antibody Fused with Structural and Nonstructural Peptides of PRRS Virus

“…Previous reports have demonstrated that antigen targeting to different DC receptors results in increased antibody production, cell activation, and cytokine secretion [20]; thus, antigen targeting using recombinant antibodies has been presented as a potential tool for effective vaccination in veterinary medicine [21]. The persistence of PRRSV in porcine farms over time continues to drive the constant development of vaccines to prevent infection outbreaks and maintain farms in a negative status to reduce the economic impact of PRRSV [22,23].…”

In vitro evaluation of potential interference of lokivetmab with protein electrophoresis and immunofixation

“…The progress on recombinant monoclonal antibody production is beneficial for multiple fields of veterinary medicine [1]. At the moment therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are mainly produced for dogs [1].…”

“…The progress on recombinant monoclonal antibody production is beneficial for multiple fields of veterinary medicine [1]. At the moment therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are mainly produced for dogs [1]. Lokivetmab (Cytopoint ® ; Zoetis Belgium SA, Louvaisn-la-Neuve, Belgium) is a caninised, anti-interleukin-31 (IL-31) monoclonal antibody, approved for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) [2].…”