“…Recombinant antibody technology entails the collection of antibody coding genes from source cells, amplification and cloning of the genes into a proper vector, transfection of the recombinant vector into host cells, and accomplishment of expression of the desired antibody (Karu, Bell, & Chinet, 1995). Source cells are antibody-secreting cells, including B lymphocytes from the spleen or the peripheral blood of an immunized animal, hybridomas, or genes from a phage display model (Abcam, 2018;Babrak, McGarvey, Stanker, & Hnasko, 2017;Johnson & Bradbury, 2015;Karu et al, 1995). Therefore, this method will allow manufacturing antibodies in vitro without using animals (Echko & Dozier, 2010;Groff et al, 2015;Karu et al, 1995).…”