Recollection and familiarity in the human thalamus

Carlesimo, Giovanni Augusto; Lombardi, Maria; Caltagirone, Carlo; Barban, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.09.006

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Consistently, at baseline our aMCI patients also showed increased functional connectivity within the DMN. All these regions are involved in memory processes [83,84] and it has been suggested that increasing functional connectivity may represent a maladaptive reorganization process contributing to the memory deficit in MCI [81,85]. Although the mechanisms underlying the CT modulation of connectivity are not yet fully understood, we speculate that CT might counterbalance this initial compensation mechanism of increased connectivity, as has been postulated for the healthy elderly [86].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

A Pilot Study on Brain Plasticity of Functional Connectivity Modulated by Cognitive Training in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

et al. 2017

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) alters the functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) but also the topological properties of the functional connectome. Cognitive training (CT) is a tool to slow down AD progression and is likely to impact on functional connectivity. In this pilot study, we aimed at investigating brain functional changes after a period of CT and active control (AC) in a group of 26 subjects with mild AD (mAD), 26 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and a control group of 29 healthy elderly (HE) people. They all underwent a CT and AC in a counterbalanced order following a crossover design. Resting-state functional MRI and neuropsychological testing were acquired before and after each period. We tested post-CT and post-AC changes of cognitive abilities, of the functional connectivity of the DMN, and of topological network properties derived from graph theory and network-based statistics. Only CT produced functional changes, increasing the functional connectivity of the posterior DMN in all three groups. mAD also showed functional changes in the medial temporal lobe and topological changes in the anterior cingulum, whereas aMCI showed more widespread topological changes involving the frontal lobes, the cerebellum and the thalamus. Our results suggest specific functional connectivity changes after CT for aMCI and mAD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

A Pilot Study on Brain Plasticity of Functional Connectivity Modulated by Cognitive Training in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

et al. 2017

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“…Recognised by clinical studies long before attention became focused on the hippocampal formation and medial temporal lobe, this subcortical pathology is increasingly viewed as an important field of study if we are to achieve a full understanding of the neuroanatomical basis of memory, and episodic memory in particular (Aggleton, 2014;Carlesimo et al, 2014;Child and Benarroch, 2013;Kopelman et al, 2009). Several thalamic structures within the diencephalon have been implicated, most commonly the mediodorsal nucleus (MD), the midline and intralaminar nuclei (ILN), the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN), and the fibre pathways associated with these nuclei Dillingham et al, 2014;Mitchell and Chakraborty, 2013;Pergola and Suchan, 2013;Savage et al, 2012;.…”

Section: Q3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several thalamic structures within the diencephalon have been implicated, most commonly the mediodorsal nucleus (MD), the midline and intralaminar nuclei (ILN), the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN), and the fibre pathways associated with these nuclei Dillingham et al, 2014;Mitchell and Chakraborty, 2013;Pergola and Suchan, 2013;Savage et al, 2012;. It is likely that human cases of amnesia involve damage to multiple thalamic sites and fibre tracts, some of which may affect many cognitive processes in addition to their influence on memory (Carlesimo et al, 2014;Carrera and Bogousslavsky, 2006;Cipolotti et al, 2008;Mennemeier et al, 1992;Nishio et al, 2014). Nonetheless, the bulk of human evidence for impaired recollection and episodic memory dysfunction (the hallmark of anterograde amnesia) most strongly implicates the ATN, the mammillary bodies (MB), and the mammillothalamic tract, a unique tract among limbic system neurocircuits because it provides a unidirectional link from the MB to ATN Carlesimo et al, 2011;Harding et al, 2000;Van der Werf et al, 2003;.…”

Section: Q3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prospect of some recovery or sparing of function after thalamic injury may explain some of the variability in memory deficits evident after thalamic injury in humans (Carlesimo et al, 2014;Carrera and Bogousslavsky, 2006;Pergola and Suchan, 2013;Van der Werf et al, 2003). Even in the context of the Korsakoff syndrome, in which permanently impaired memory is regarded as the defining symptom, and loss of ATN neurons the most prominent feature (Harding et al, 2000), only 25% of patients show no Moreau et al (2013) compared the effects of neurotoxic anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) lesions and intralaminar/lateral thalamic nuclei (ILN/LT) lesions (A) on a spatial task and a visual task (B) in which two visual cues were present in the water maze, one of which signalled the presence of a submerged escape platform (dashed circle).…”

Section: Recovery Of Function After Atn Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anterior thalamic nuclei lesions and recovery of function: Relevance to cognitive thalamus

Dalrymple‐Alford

Harland

Loukavenko

et al. 2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…Some findings suggest that the hippocampus, cortex, and thalamus are significant areas of the brain for memory [93][94][95][96][97][98], while other research suggests the role of the hippocampus in working memory is controversial [99,100], or that the hippocampus is involved in the creation of the memory space, spatial maps, and navigation [97]. We suggest that the 3D default space is pre-existing and is represented by all the cells in the body.…”

Section: Memory Spacementioning

confidence: 75%

Meditation Experiences, Self, and Boundaries of Consciousness

Jerath¹,

Cearley²,

Barnes³

et al. 2016

IJCAM

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Our experiences with the external world are possible mainly through vision, hearing, taste, touch, and smell providing us a sense of reality. How the brain is able to seamlessly integrate stimuli from our external and internal world into our sense of reality has yet to be adequately explained in the literature. We have previously proposed a three-dimensional unified model of consciousness that partly explains the dynamic mechanism. Here we further expand our model and include illustrations to provide a better conception of the ill-defined space within the self, providing insight into a unified mind-body concept. In this article, we propose that our senses "super-impose" on an existing dynamic space within us after a slight, imperceptible delay. The existing space includes the entire intrapersonal space and can also be called the "the body's internal 3D default space". We provide examples from meditation experiences to help explain how the sense of 'self ' can be experienced through meditation practice associated with underlying physiological processes that take place through cardio-respiratory synchronization and coherence that is developed among areas of the brain. Meditation practice can help keep the body in a parasympathetic dominant state during meditation, allowing an experience of inner 'self '. Understanding this physical and functional space could help unlock the mysteries of the function of memory and cognition, allowing clinicians to better recognize and treat disorders of the mind by recommending proven techniques to reduce stress as an adjunct to medication treatment. allows us to experience an internal representation of the external environment. In the following sections we discuss the purpose of brain oscillations in consciousness, and further explain the formation of our previously proposed 3D default space theory, see [11]. Brain oscillations and the 3d default spaceWe consider brain oscillations dynamic because sensory and cortical information is organized around the thalamus which allows us to experience the external world. Alpha, gamma, retinogeniculo-cortical, and corticothalamic oscillations are essential in forming the 3D default space because they allow constant and continuous communication between the brain and the body-without them, we do not think that consciousness can emerge.Alpha oscillations vibrate at 8-14 Hz, strongly influencing brain activity [12,13] It is through these fast alpha and gamma oscillations that we suggest an 'internal' neural space is formed, providing an infrastructure for visual consciousness. Neuronal synchronization with the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) through oscillations at 60-120 Hz is indicated by oscillatory activity in the retina, LGN, and cortex [21,22], which allows the brain and retina to receive and process visual stimuli as one organ. These retinogeniculocortical oscillations assist in the formation of the dynamic template that reduces external space into our internal world space we call the 3D default space. These fast oscillations an...

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Recollection and familiarity in the human thalamus

Cited by 49 publications

References 94 publications

A Pilot Study on Brain Plasticity of Functional Connectivity Modulated by Cognitive Training in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

A Pilot Study on Brain Plasticity of Functional Connectivity Modulated by Cognitive Training in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Anterior thalamic nuclei lesions and recovery of function: Relevance to cognitive thalamus

Meditation Experiences, Self, and Boundaries of Consciousness

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