Recognizing visual speech: Reduced responses in visual-movement regions, but not other speech regions in autism

Borowiak, Kamila; Schelinski, Stefanie; Kriegstein, Katharina von

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.09.019

Cited by 15 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The results of the present study are based on data that was also used in Borowiak et al (2018) to address a different research question.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods of the eye tracking analysis were previously described in more detail in Borowiak et al (2018). For each participant, we measured the total number of fixations for the two conditions of the visual-speech recognition fMRI experiment (visual-speech task, face-identity task), and for the face conditions of the fMRI ROI localizer (static faces, facial speech movement).…”

Section: Eye Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we repeated the secondlevel ROI analysis using the "first-step group" ROIs in the bilateral FFA to check whether the potential effects in these regions can be repli- The behavioral results of the fMRI visual-speech recognition experiment and the eye tracking results were reported previously (Borowiak et al, 2018). First, we repeated the secondlevel ROI analysis using the "first-step group" ROIs in the bilateral FFA to check whether the potential effects in these regions can be repli- The behavioral results of the fMRI visual-speech recognition experiment and the eye tracking results were reported previously (Borowiak et al, 2018).…”

Section: Control Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The portion of the pSTS/STG that is specifically sensitive to visual speech has been coined the temporal visual speech area (TVSA; Bernstein, Jiang, Pantazis, Lu, & Joshi, 2011). The V5/MT and the TVSA are more responsive to dynamic compared to static faces (Kilts, Egan, Gideon, Ely, & Hoffman, 2003;Pitcher, Duchaine, & Walsh, 2014;Schultz & Pilz, 2009), and their functional connectivity to each other is modulated by the perception of facial movements (Borowiak, Schelinski, & von Kriegstein, 2018;Foley, Rippon, Thai, Longe, & Senior, 2012;Furl, Henson, Friston, & Calder, 2014). The ventral-form pathway includes the occipital face area (OFA) and the fusiform face area (FFA) which refers to facesensitive portions of the inferior occipital gyrus and the fusiform gyrus, respectively (Gauthier, Skudlarski, Gore, & Anderson, 2000; Kanwisher, McDermott, & Chun, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both cases, a positive correlation between the degree of dorsal-ventral functional connectivity in ASD and visual-speech recognition performance would indicate that dorsalventral functional connectivity might be beneficial in ASD, and function as a compensatory mechanism for dysfunctional processing in dorsal-movement regions (Borowiak et al, 2018). We had two alternative hypotheses.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dorsal‐movement and ventral‐form regions are functionally connected during visual‐speech recognition

Borowiak

Maguinness

Kriegstein

2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Faces convey social information such as emotion and speech. Facial emotion processing is supported via interactions between dorsal-movement and ventral-form visual cortex regions. Here, we explored, for the first time, whether similar dorsalventral interactions (assessed via functional connectivity), might also exist for visualspeech processing. We then examined whether altered dorsal-ventral connectivity is observed in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a disorder associated with impaired visual-speech recognition. We acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data with concurrent eye tracking in pairwise matched control and ASD participants. In both groups, dorsal-movement regions in the visual motion area 5 (V5/MT) and the temporal visual speech area (TVSA) were functionally connected to ventral-form regions (i.e., the occipital face area [OFA] and the fusiform face area [FFA]) during the recognition of visual speech, in contrast to the recognition of face identity. Notably, parts of this functional connectivity were decreased in the ASD group compared to the controls (i.e., right V5/MT-right OFA, left TVSA-left FFA). The results confirmed our hypothesis that functional connectivity between dorsal-movement and ventral-form regions exists during visual-speech processing. Its partial dysfunction in ASD might contribute to difficulties in the recognition of dynamic face information relevant for successful face-to-face communication. K E Y W O R D S atypical perception, dynamic face perception, fMRI, form, functional connectivity, highfunctioning ASD, lip reading, movement

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“…The results of the present study are based on data that was also used in Borowiak et al (2018) to address a different research question.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eye Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Control Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dorsal‐movement and ventral‐form regions are functionally connected during visual‐speech recognition

Borowiak

Maguinness

Kriegstein

2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Neural correlates of audiovisual narrative speech perception in children and adults on the autism spectrum: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Ross,

Molholm,

Butler

et al. 2024

Autism Research

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Autistic individuals show substantially reduced benefit from observing visual articulations during audiovisual speech perception, a multisensory integration deficit that is particularly relevant to social communication. This has mostly been studied using simple syllabic or word‐level stimuli and it remains unclear how altered lower‐level multisensory integration translates to the processing of more complex natural multisensory stimulus environments in autism. Here, functional neuroimaging was used to examine neural correlates of audiovisual gain (AV‐gain) in 41 autistic individuals to those of 41 age‐matched non‐autistic controls when presented with a complex audiovisual narrative. Participants were presented with continuous narration of a story in auditory‐alone, visual‐alone, and both synchronous and asynchronous audiovisual speech conditions. We hypothesized that previously identified differences in audiovisual speech processing in autism would be characterized by activation differences in brain regions well known to be associated with audiovisual enhancement in neurotypicals. However, our results did not provide evidence for altered processing of auditory alone, visual alone, audiovisual conditions or AV‐ gain in regions associated with the respective task when comparing activation patterns between groups. Instead, we found that autistic individuals responded with higher activations in mostly frontal regions where the activation to the experimental conditions was below baseline (de‐activations) in the control group. These frontal effects were observed in both unisensory and audiovisual conditions, suggesting that these altered activations were not specific to multisensory processing but reflective of more general mechanisms such as an altered disengagement of Default Mode Network processes during the observation of the language stimulus across conditions.

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Altered processing of communication signals in the subcortical auditory sensory pathway in autism

Schelinski

Tabas

Kriegstein

2022

Human Brain Mapping

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by social communication difficulties.These difficulties have been mainly explained by cognitive, motivational, and emotional alterations in ASD. The communication difficulties could, however, also be associated with altered sensory processing of communication signals. Here, we assessed the functional integrity of auditory sensory pathway nuclei in ASD in three independent functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments. We focused on two aspects of auditory communication that are impaired in ASD: voice identity perception, and recognising speech-in-noise. We found reduced processing in adults with ASD as compared to typically developed control groups (pairwise matched on sex, age, and full-scale IQ) in the central midbrain structure of the auditory pathway (inferior colliculus [IC]). The right IC responded less in the ASD as compared to the control group for voice identity, in contrast to speech recognition. The right IC also responded less in the ASD as compared to the control group when passively listening to vocal in contrast to non-vocal sounds. Within the control group, the left and right IC responded more when recognising speech-in-noise as compared to when recognising speech without additional noise. In the ASD group, this was only the case in the left, but not the right IC. The results show that communication signal processing in ASD is associated with reduced subcortical sensory functioning in the midbrain. The results highlight the importance of considering sensory processing alterations in explaining communication difficulties, which are at the core of ASD.

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Recognizing visual speech: Reduced responses in visual-movement regions, but not other speech regions in autism

Cited by 15 publications

References 77 publications

Dorsal‐movement and ventral‐form regions are functionally connected during visual‐speech recognition

Dorsal‐movement and ventral‐form regions are functionally connected during visual‐speech recognition

Neural correlates of audiovisual narrative speech perception in children and adults on the autism spectrum: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Altered processing of communication signals in the subcortical auditory sensory pathway in autism

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