Recognizing Pyoderma

Gortel, Kinga

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.09.004

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Nonetheless, detailed review of a sample of cases did enable quantification of the likely level of uncertainty and misclassification within the dataset and the majority of identified cases probably involved genuine pyoderma. While it is difficult to quantify the true extent of pyoderma misdiagnosis in this study, the condition does generally lend itself readily to diagnosis by simple clinical examination [ 38 ], suggesting that the reported prevalence of pyoderma in UK dogs on an annual basis is likely to be of an order similar to (or greater than) that reported in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Prescribing practices of primary-care veterinary practitioners in dogs diagnosed with bacterial pyoderma

2014

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BackgroundConcern has been raised regarding the potential contributions of veterinary antimicrobial use to increasing levels of resistance in bacteria critically important to human health. Canine pyoderma is a frequent, often recurrent diagnosis in pet dogs, usually attributable to secondary bacterial infection of the skin. Lesions can range in severity based on the location, total area and depth of tissue affected and antimicrobial therapy is recommended for resolution. This study aimed to describe patient signalment, disease characteristics and treatment prescribed in a large number of UK, primary-care canine pyoderma cases and to estimate pyoderma prevalence in the UK vet-visiting canine population.ResultsOf 54,600 dogs presented to 73 participating practices in 2010, 683 (1.3%) had a pyoderma diagnosis recorded in available electronic patient record (EPR) data. Antimicrobials were dispensed in 97% of cases and most dogs were prescribed systemic therapy (92%). Agents most frequently prescribed were amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefalexin, clindamycin and cefovecin. Systemic antimicrobials were prescribed for fewer than 14 days in around 40% of study cases reviewed in detail. Prescribed daily doses were below minimum recommended daily dose (MRDD) in 26% of 43 dogs with sufficient information for calculation of minimum dose.ConclusionsAntimicrobial prescribing behaviour for treatment of canine pyoderma was variable but frequently appeared inconsistent with current recommendations. Use of clinical data from primary practice EPRs can provide valuable insight into common clinical conditions and associated prescribing.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0240-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Prescribing practices of primary-care veterinary practitioners in dogs diagnosed with bacterial pyoderma

2014

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“…Fifty-eight percent of the 194 isolates were coagulase- positive staphylococci, all recognized as important pathogens in canine dermatitis and SSIs. The most prevalent finding, S. pseudintermedius, is considered to be the primary cutaneous pathogen of dogs and a well-known cause of postoperative wound infections in dogs [30,31,33,34]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among canine surgical wound infections in Sweden in relation to different risk factors

et al. 2015

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BackgroundSurgical site infection (SSI) is a common nosocomial infection in dogs and a growing concern in veterinary hospitals as an increase in multidrug-resistant pathogens is reported. Despite the need for rational and prudent antimicrobial use, few peer-reviewed and published veterinary studies have investigated the pathogenic growth including susceptibility patterns of the isolated pathogens in canine SSIs.The first objective of the present study was to estimate the distribution of bacterial pathogens in dogs with SSI and to investigate whether this was influenced by type of surgical procedure (clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty), duration of hospitalization, wound classification and depth of the infection, or antimicrobial treatment. The second objective was to assess susceptibility patterns to clinically relevant antimicrobials.During three years, four animal referral hospitals and three small animal clinics submitted bacterial swabs from canine SSIs for culture and susceptibility, together with a questionnaire completed by the attending clinician.ResultsApproximately two thirds of the in total 194 isolates were staphylococci. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most prevalent finding (46%) followed by beta haemolytic Streptococcus spp. (24%). No associations between distribution of the isolated pathogens and classification of the surgical procedure, duration of hospitalization or depth of the SSI were shown, with the exception of Escherichia coli isolates being significantly more often found in deep wound infections than in superficial skin infections.Overall the possibilities of finding first generations antimicrobials to treat the SSIs included in the study were favorable, as the isolated pathogens were mostly without acquired antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance was uncommon. There were only three cases of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius-infections (one percent of all isolates), one case of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli-infection, and no methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.ConclusionsNone of the investigated factors were shown to influence the distribution of bacterial pathogens. The majority of SSIs were caused by staphylococci, and S. pseudintermedius was the most prevalent pathogen. Based on the study results, use of first-line antimicrobials prior to receiving culture and susceptibility results is a rational empirical antimicrobial therapy for the studied dog population.

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“…Bacterial skin infections in dogs are among the most common conditions requiring veterinary attention [1][2][3]. An initial skin lesion might end up as superficial pyoderma or folliculitis or deep pyoderma or furunculosis/cellulitis, caused mainly by a bacterial agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyoderma and accompanying inflammatory changes cause severe pruritus and facilitate self-injury and mutilation. It is important to treat the primary cause of pyoderma to avoid recurrences, such as bacterial overgrowth syndrome, juvenile cellulitis, calciphylaxis due to end-stage renal disease and hyperparathyroidism, immunomodulatory-responsive lymphocytic-plasmacytic pododermatitis, pemphigus foliaceous, pyoderma gangrenosum, and other pathologies [2]. In daily clinical practice, the suspicion of bacterial infection is often treated empirically with antibiotics, and treatment is usually successful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance to several classes of commonly used antimicrobial drugs has been reported, for example, β-lactam antibacterial drugs [4], clindamycin [5,6], and fluoroquinolones [4,7]. It has been noted that bacterial resistance to chemotherapy is increasing [2], as evidenced by the increased resistance of Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, Staphylococcus aureus [8,9], and Staphylococcus schleiferi, indicates [10]. Additionally, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) identical to human EMRSA-15 have been found in dogs and hospital staff of veterinary clinics in some parts of the world [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Plus Topical Administration of Enrofloxacin-Hydrochloride-Dihydrate for the Treatment of Unresponsive Canine Pyoderma. A Clinical Trial

Gutiérrez

Tapia

Ocampo

et al. 2020

Animals

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An outpatient clinical trial on unresponsive deep-bacterial canine pyoderma (UDCP), without a control group, is presented. The chosen treatment was implemented with a new crystal-solvate of enrofloxacin (enrofloxacin HCl-2H2O or enro-C), in a dual scheme, i.e., 10 mg/kg/day PO, plus its topical administration, prepared as 0.5% in an alginate gel, thrice per day. Fifty-five cases that were unsuccessfully treated previously with another antibacterial drug, were selected and then classified as severe or very severe, according to a clinical score tailored for this trial. Aerobic bacteriological cultures of skin lesions and antibacterial sensitivity tests, were performed. Hematological status, liver, and kidney functions were determined before and after treatment. A complete success was obtained in 32 severe and 23 very severe, cases. The main bacterial isolates were: Staphylococcus intermedius (19/99), Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (16/99), Staphylococcus epidermidis (15/99), Staphylococcus pyogenes (14/99), Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus sp., and others including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6/99). The average duration of treatment was 8.03 days ± 2.1 SD and 12.0 ± 2.4 days, for dogs with severe or very severe UDCP, respectively. The adverse effects caused by enro-C were inconsequential and the hematological tests showed no deviations from normality. The use of enro-C administered dually to treat UDCP, is considered safe and highly effective.

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Recognizing Pyoderma

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Prescribing practices of primary-care veterinary practitioners in dogs diagnosed with bacterial pyoderma

Prescribing practices of primary-care veterinary practitioners in dogs diagnosed with bacterial pyoderma

The distribution of pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among canine surgical wound infections in Sweden in relation to different risk factors

Oral Plus Topical Administration of Enrofloxacin-Hydrochloride-Dihydrate for the Treatment of Unresponsive Canine Pyoderma. A Clinical Trial

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