Recognizing Plant Defense Priming

Martínez‐Medina, Ainhoa; Flors, Vı́ctor; Heil, Martin; Mauch‐Mani, Brigitte; Pieterse, Corné M. J.; Pozo, Marı́a J.; Ton, Jurriaan; Dam, Nicole M. van; Conrath, Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2016.07.009

Cited by 575 publications

(488 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The enhanced H 2 O 2 accumulation, callose deposition and transcriptional reprogramming after P. cucumerina treatment suggest a potentiated induction of defense responses in MIM396 plants, or “sensitization” that confers an improved reaction to pathogen infection. Such superactivation of defense responses is in agreement with a priming event29. Collectively, our results suggest that reduced levels of miR396 improve resistance to fungal pathogens through potentiation of defense mechanisms without major penalties for host growth and development.…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

The Arabidopsis miR396 mediates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune responses against fungal pathogens

Soto-Suárez

Baldrich

Weigel

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

116

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in regulating gene expression during plant development. Although a substantial fraction of plant miRNAs has proven responsive to pathogen infection, their role in disease resistance remains largely unknown, especially during fungal infections. In this study, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana lines in which miRNA activity has been reduced using artificial miRNA target mimics (MIM lines) for their response to fungal pathogens. Reduced activity of miR396 (MIM396 plants) was found to confer broad resistance to necrotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens. MiR396 levels gradually decreased during fungal infection, thus, enabling its GRF (GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR) transcription factor target genes to trigger host reprogramming. Pathogen resistance in MIM396 plants is based on a superactivation of defense responses consistent with a priming event during pathogen infection. Notably, low levels of miR396 are not translated in developmental defects in absence of pathogen challenge. Our findings support a role of miR396 in regulating plant immunity, and broaden our knowledge about the molecular players and processes that sustain defense priming. That miR396 modulates innate immunity without growth costs also suggests fine-tuning of miR396 levels as an effective biotechnological means for protection against pathogen infection.

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supporting

confidence: 84%

The Arabidopsis miR396 mediates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune responses against fungal pathogens

Soto-Suárez

Baldrich

Weigel

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recently, Martin (2016) proposed members of the IL-1 (interleukin 1) family of cytokines as the canonical DAMPs in animals, indicating how well-studied molecular structures can have a yet unknown function as DAMPs. However, research on DAMP signaling in plants is still in its infancy, although DAMP-mediated signaling was proposed as one of the central players in plant defense priming (Martinez-Medina et al, 2016). As of late, Heil (2012), Heil and Land (2014), Heil et al (2016) have put the debate on DAMPs into the spotlight by discussing evolutionary benefits as well as features ascribable to DAMPs.…”

Section: Introduction: Damp Signaling In Plants and In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructans As DAMPs or MAMPs: Evolutionary Prospects, Cross-Tolerance, and Multistress Resistance Potential

2017

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This perspective paper proposes that endogenous apoplastic fructans in fructan accumulating plants, released after stress-mediated cellular leakage, or increased by exogenous application, can act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), priming plant innate immunity through ancient receptors and defense pathways that most probably evolved to react on microbial fructans acting as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). The proposed model is placed in an evolutionary perspective. How this type of DAMP signaling may contribute to cross-tolerance and multistress resistance effects in plants is discussed. Besides apoplastic ATP, NAD and fructans, apoplastic polyamines, secondary metabolites, and melatonin may be considered potential players in DAMP-mediated stress signaling. It is proposed that mixtures of DAMP priming formulations hold great promise as natural and sustainable alternatives for toxic agrochemicals.

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“…ISR increases the resistance levels of undamaged plant parts. Priming, on the other hand, enhances the induced response to later arriving herbivores or pathogens (Martinez-Medina et al, 2016). Both ISR and priming may cause interactions between aboveground and belowground herbivores feeding on the same plant (Erb et al, 2011;Mathur et al, 2011;van Dam and Heil, 2011;van Geem et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Hormonal Signaling Triggered by Two Root-Feeding Nematode Species Result in Contrasting Effects on Aphid Population Growth

et al. 2018

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Belowground feeding herbivores can affect their aboveground counterparts via systemic induced responses. Hormonal signaling pathways, such as the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways, play a pivotal role in shaping such aboveground-belowground herbivore interactions. In this study, we analyzed the effects of two root-feeding nematode species, the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii, and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla, on the preference and performance of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae. The two sedentary nematodes differ in their feeding strategies and in which plant responses they trigger. We tested the hypothesis that differences in aphid preference and performance are governed by differences in systemic defense signaling triggered by the nematodes. When allowed to choose, aphids showed a lower preference for black mustard (Brassica nigra) plants infested with H. schachtii compared to uninfested plants. On these plants their population increase was reduced as well. Gene expression analyses revealed that aphid infestation on H. schachtii-infested plants strongly induced PR1, a marker gene for the SA-pathway. The expression of the JA marker genes VSP2 and MYC2 was repressed. On the other hand, M. hapla infestation increased aphid preference and population growth compared to those on control plants. Aphid feeding upregulated the expression of VSP2 and MYC2, whereas PR1 expression was not induced. Interestingly, aphid infestation on plants without nematodes did not activate any of the signaling pathways. This suggests that H. schachtii infestation systemically enhanced aphid induced-resistance via the SA pathway. In contrast, M. hapla infestation enhanced JA-pathway regulated responses. This may reduce SA-induced resistance to aphid infestation via negative JA-SA cross-talk. Based on our results, we conclude that the differences in the interactions of aphids with cyst and root-knot nematodes emerge from differences in the plant responses triggered by both nematodes. Our results show that aboveground herbivore performance on plants infested with different nematode species may be strongly associated with nematode feeding strategies.

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Recognizing Plant Defense Priming

Cited by 575 publications

References 12 publications

The Arabidopsis miR396 mediates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune responses against fungal pathogens

The Arabidopsis miR396 mediates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune responses against fungal pathogens

Fructans As DAMPs or MAMPs: Evolutionary Prospects, Cross-Tolerance, and Multistress Resistance Potential

Differences in Hormonal Signaling Triggered by Two Root-Feeding Nematode Species Result in Contrasting Effects on Aphid Population Growth

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