Recognizing peripheral ecosystems in marine protected areas: A case study of golden jellyfish lakes in Raja Ampat, Indonesia

Maas, Diede L.; Capriati, Agustin; Ahmad, Awaludinnoer; Erdmann, Mark V.; Lamers, Machiel; Leeuw, Christiaan A. de; Prins, Luca; Purwanto, Purwanto; Putri, Amanda; Tapilatu, Ricardo F.; Becking, Leontine E.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110700

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This study showed a relatively lower coral coverage (average = 18.1%; range = 5.1–32.1%) than other reef monitoring in Indonesia. Raja Ampat is known for its relatively pristine coral reef sites with many sites lauded by scuba divers for high coral diversity ( Mangubhai et al, 2012 ; Yuanike et al, 2019 ; Maas et al, 2020 ; Purwanto et al, 2021 ). However, the current study did not specifically target the best dive-sites, nor the best protected sites within the Marine Protected Areas, but rather systematically chose sites that were close to the marine lake sites for comparison and targeted similar coastal settings to avoid confounding factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, like other reef ecosystems worldwide, the Raja Ampat waters are facing challenges due to environmental changes associated with human activity and climate change ( Mangubhai et al, 2012 ; King, 2017 ; Ampou et al, 2020 ). The number of tourists to the Raja Ampat islands continues to rise, which may negatively impact the coastal ecosystem ( King, 2017 ; Papilaya, Boli & Nikijuluw, 2019 ; Maas et al, 2020 ; Purwanto et al, 2021 ). Coral bleaching and disease have also been observed because of environmental stresses such as seawater temperature fluctuation, decreasing salinity, high sedimentation, and turbidity ( Ampou et al, 2020 ; Johan et al, 2020 ; Subhan et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shifts in dominance of benthic communities along a gradient of water temperature and turbidity in tropical coastal ecosystems

Aji,

Maas,

Capriati

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Tropical coastal benthic communities will change in species composition and relative dominance due to global (e.g., increasing water temperature) and local (e.g., increasing terrestrial influence due to land-based activity) stressors. This study aimed to gain insight into possible trajectories of coastal benthic assemblages in Raja Ampat, Indonesia, by studying coral reefs at varying distances from human activities and marine lakes with high turbidity in three temperature categories (<31 °C, 31–32 °C, and >32 °C). The benthic community diversity and relative coverage of major benthic groups were quantified via replicate photo transects. The composition of benthic assemblages varied significantly among the reef and marine lake habitats. The marine lakes <31 °C contained hard coral, crustose coralline algae (CCA), and turf algae with coverages similar to those found in the coral reefs (17.4–18.8% hard coral, 3.5–26.3% CCA, and 15–15.5% turf algae, respectively), while the higher temperature marine lakes (31–32 °C and >32 °C) did not harbor hard coral or CCA. Benthic composition in the reefs was significantly influenced by geographic distance among sites but not by human activity or depth. Benthic composition in the marine lakes appeared to be structured by temperature, salinity, and degree of connection to the adjacent sea. Our results suggest that beyond a certain temperature (>31 °C), benthic communities shift away from coral dominance, but new outcomes of assemblages can be highly distinct, with a possible varied dominance of macroalgae, benthic cyanobacterial mats, or filter feeders such as bivalves and tubeworms. This study illustrates the possible use of marine lake model systems to gain insight into shifts in the benthic community structure of tropical coastal ecosystems if hard corals are no longer dominant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in dominance of benthic communities along a gradient of water temperature and turbidity in tropical coastal ecosystems

Aji,

Maas,

Capriati

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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“…In East‐Kalimantan, we additionally sampled three marine lakes (Kalimantan1, Kalimantan2, and Kalimantan3), and six marine lakes in West‐Papua (Papua27, Papua30, Papua32, Papua1, Papua4, and Papua5). As many locations have no official names, we used a coding system consistent with de Leeuw et al ( 2020 ) and Maas et al ( 2018 , 2020 ). Of these locations, nine overlap with the sponge phylogeography study of Becking et al ( 2013 ) (Table S1 for corresponding lake codes), two additional marine lakes were sampled for this study (Papua5 and Papua27).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of structure could be explained by recurrent gene flow among lakes or by lack of resolution of genetic markers used by Becking et al ( 2013 ), as they recovered a low number of haplotypes (4 for ITS and 3 for COI ). Given the high genomic structuring observed in co‐distributed species from marine lakes (de Leeuw et al, 2020 ; Gotoh et al, 2011 ; Maas et al, 2018 , 2020 ), we expect that the markers used did not provide sufficient resolution to detect signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sponge diversification in marine lakes: Implications for phylogeography and population genomic studies on sponges

Maas

Prost

Leeuw

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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The relative influence of geography, currents, and environment on gene flow within sessile marine species remains an open question. Detecting subtle genetic differentiation at small scales is challenging in benthic populations due to large effective population sizes, general lack of resolution in genetic markers, and because barriers to dispersal often remain elusive. Marine lakes can circumvent confounding factors by providing discrete and replicated ecosystems. Using high‐resolution double digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing (4826 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNPs), we genotyped populations of the sponge Suberites diversicolor ( n = 125) to test the relative importance of spatial scales (1–1400 km), local environmental conditions, and permeability of seascape barriers in shaping population genomic structure. With the SNP dataset, we show strong intralineage population structure, even at scales <10 km (average F ST = 0.63), which was not detected previously using single markers. Most variation was explained by differentiation between populations (AMOVA: 48.8%) with signatures of population size declines and bottlenecks per lake. Although the populations were strongly structured, we did not detect significant effects of geographic distance, local environments, or degree of connection to the sea on population structure, suggesting mechanisms such as founder events with subsequent priority effects may be at play. We show that the inclusion of morphologically cryptic lineages that can be detected with the COI marker can reduce the obtained SNP set by around 90%. Future work on sponge genomics should confirm that only one lineage is included. Our results call for a reassessment of poorly dispersing benthic organisms that were previously assumed to be highly connected based on low‐resolution markers.

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“…These small waterbodies are entirely surrounded by land but have a connection to the adjacent sea through subterranean channels and fissures or porous rock [4]. As such, marine lakes contain saline water and harbour marine species communities [6][7][8][9], some of which are anchialine as defined by Holthuis [10]. Marine lakes may contain endemic species of crustaceans [11,12], echinoderms [13,14], sponges [15][16][17], sea anemone [18,19], and benthic forams [20], some of which were observed to be involved in unique species interactions [18,19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Stony Corals and Their Associated Fauna Residing in Marine Lakes under Extreme Environmental Conditions

Becking,

Martinez,

Aji

et al. 2024

Diversity

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Tropical marine lakes are small land-locked marine waterbodies occurring in karstic coastal areas. During biodiversity surveys in 12 marine lakes in Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua province, Indonesia, we recorded at least 37 species belonging to 29 genera of hard corals. Their observed associated symbiont fauna consisted of bivalve molluscs and polychaete worms. Marine lake temperature ranged from 30.0 to 32.5 °C, acidity from pH 7.6 to 8.1, and salinity from 26.4 to 33.2 ppt. This study provides the first inventory of the marginal coral communities in the extreme habitat of marine lakes, under chronic extreme environmental conditions of higher temperatures, land-based nutrient loads, and sedimentation.

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Recognizing peripheral ecosystems in marine protected areas: A case study of golden jellyfish lakes in Raja Ampat, Indonesia

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Shifts in dominance of benthic communities along a gradient of water temperature and turbidity in tropical coastal ecosystems

Shifts in dominance of benthic communities along a gradient of water temperature and turbidity in tropical coastal ecosystems

Sponge diversification in marine lakes: Implications for phylogeography and population genomic studies on sponges

Stony Corals and Their Associated Fauna Residing in Marine Lakes under Extreme Environmental Conditions

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