Recognizing noncommunicable diseases as a global health security threat

Saha, Amrita; Alleyne, George A.O.

doi:10.2471/blt.17.205732

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Proposal for alternative framing of NCDs include taking a human rights approach to NCDs (e.g. [14,25]) and framing NCDs as a health security challenge [31,67] in search of impact and political attention.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

International norm development and change: can international law play a meaningful role in curbing the lifestyle disease pandemic?

Stoeva

2020

BMC Int Health Hum Rights

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Background: The magnitude of the noncommunicable epidemic is difficult to overstate. The projected cost of the epidemic is substantial. It disproportionately affects people in low-and middle-income countries as well as poorer and marginalised communities in high-income countries. The international community has taken various steps to address the four modifiable risk factors causing the majority of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), however, action has so far fallen short of expectations. Both analysts and international institutions are advocating the adoption of a new international legal norm to address the NCD crisis. Main text: Drawing on existing knowledge from international relations and international legal studies, this article argues that a new international treaty is not only currently improbable, but also not strictly desirable. In-depth critical analysis and reflection is needed regarding the strengths and weaknesses of a legal approach to addressing the NCD pandemic. The argument is set out in three sections-the first reviews contributions of agentic constructivism, which focus on the process of normative emergence and change, and draws on empirical examples to highlight overlooked aspects of normative development and how they relate to NCD politics. The second engages with the critique of legal principles. Critical approaches to law seek to expose the myths that legal principles are neutral, objective, good. The third section discusses the characteristics of practice in the NCD field and its implications on process and principles for the pursuit of a legal solution to the NCD crisis. Conclusions: Any advocacy for an international norm to address NCDs needs to be nuanced and demonstrate awareness of the nature and character of both the norm development process and resulting international legal principles. As analysts, we are responsible for advocating inclusive and ethical norms, but also for highlighting the implications of inequalities and differences between and within states and societies. There may be a viable international legal instrument that would support dedicated policies to curb the NCD epidemic, but such an instrument needs to be actively advocated for and negotiated with a wide range of stakeholders, navigating a complex international framework of existing norms and conflicting, powerful interests.

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

International norm development and change: can international law play a meaningful role in curbing the lifestyle disease pandemic?

Stoeva

2020

BMC Int Health Hum Rights

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“…Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent one of the most important and urgent threats to human health globally,1–3 with a disproportionate and increasing burden experienced by older people and those in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). The burden of disease attributed to NCDs now far outweighs that associated with communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional deficiency diseases in most countries 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Lancet Global Health C ommission argues that health system strengthening approaches that include formulation of national policy to prioritise prevention and management of NCDs is essential,2 mirroring objectives of the WHO global action plan21 and other calls for urgent policy formulation 11 22–25. Despite the identified burden of disease, political action on NCDs has been criticised and deemed inadequate to ensure global health security into the future and achievement of the 2030 targets for SDG 3.4 will not be achieved 1 6 22…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated prevention and management of non-communicable diseases, including musculoskeletal health: a systematic policy analysis among OECD countries

et al. 2019

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IntroductionDevelopment and implementation of appropriate health policy is essential to address the rising global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate existing health policies for integrated prevention/management of NCDs among Member States of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). We sought to describe policies’ aims and strategies to achieve those aims, and evaluate extent of integration of musculoskeletal conditions as a leading cause of global morbidity.MethodsPolicies submitted by OECD Member States in response to a World Health Organization (WHO) NCD Capacity Survey were extracted from the WHO document clearing-house and analysed following a standard protocol. Policies were eligible for inclusion when they described an integrated approach to prevention/management of NCDs. Internal validity was evaluated using a standard instrument (sum score: 0–14; higher scores indicate better quality). Quantitative data were expressed as frequencies, while text data were content-analysed and meta-synthesised using standardised methods.ResultsAfter removal of duplicates and screening, 44 policies from 30 OECD Member States were included. Three key themes emerged to describe the general aims of included policies: system strengthening approaches; improved service delivery; and better population health. Whereas the policies of most countries covered cancer (83.3%), cardiovascular disease (76.6%), diabetes/endocrine disorders (76.6%), respiratory conditions (63.3%) and mental health conditions (63.3%), only half the countries included musculoskeletal health and pain (50.0%) as explicit foci. General strategies were outlined in 42 (95.5%) policies—all were relevant to musculoskeletal health in 12 policies, some relevant in 27 policies and none relevant in three policies. Three key themes described the strategies: general principles for people-centred NCD prevention/management; enhanced service delivery; and system strengthening approaches. Internal validity sum scores ranged from 0 to 13; mean: 7.6 (95% CI 6.5 to 8.7).ConclusionRelative to other NCDs, musculoskeletal health did not feature as prominently, although many general prevention/management strategies were relevant to musculoskeletal health improvement.

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“…The reports on consumption trends, especially among the younger generations, suggest that consumption of products with potential harmful health effects, such as highly processed food with high sugar or fat, is increasing [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. It could also be seen that the marketing pressure of industries delivering such products prevails over countermeasures undertaken by public health systems, e.g., health education and other health promotion initiatives [ 24 , 25 ]. However, drastic, fiscal, or legal interventions, e.g., increased taxes on products with high sugar content or on alcohol beverages, seem to have a limited effect [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Fitness Influencers’ Websites by Young Adult Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Duplaga

2020

IJERPH

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The growth of the fitness industry observed in the last decade has been accompanied by the emergence of an occupation as a social media fitness influencer. The most popular are able to accumulate millions of followers. The marketing potential of fitness influencers is a subject of interest, not only for the fitness industry but also for other sectors offering products related to health, wellness, or healthy nutrition. However, the activities of fitness influencers related to the promotion of physical activity and healthy lifestyle converge with the aims of those promoting public health. The main objective of this study was to make an assessment of the determinants of regular access to fitness influencers’ sites (FIS) and their relationship with the health behaviors of young adult women. It was based on the data originating from an online survey on a representative sample of Polish women aged 18–35 years. Chi2 test, univariate, and multiply logistic regression models were used to determine the relationships between FIS and the variables related to the respondents’ characteristics of and their health behaviors. FIS were accessed by 29.3% of respondents (n = 1030) at least once a week. It was found that those living in cities with a population ranging from 20,000 to 100,000 were more likely to access FIS than those living in rural areas. Similarly, greater access was made by those in a high-income household rather than those with the lowest income, by those with inadequate rather than those with problematic health literacy and by those with high rather than low e-health literacy. The use of FIS was significantly associated with the consumptions of fruit and vegetables (OR, 95%CI: 2.77, 2.01–3.82), physical activity (1.74, 1.27–2.38), breast self-examination (1.54, 1.11–2.13), and also with the greater use of e-cigarettes (1.63, 1.09–2.43) and increased consumption of alcohol (1.37, 1.01–1.88). In conclusion, as access to Internet resources run by fitness influencers was a prevailing predictor of young adult Polish women’s health behaviors, FIS may play a potentially important role in promoting a healthy lifestyle in this population. However, it should be remembered that there are complex patterns of associations with specific behaviors, e.g., the use of e-cigarettes or alcohol consumption.

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Recognizing noncommunicable diseases as a global health security threat

Cited by 48 publications

References 11 publications

International norm development and change: can international law play a meaningful role in curbing the lifestyle disease pandemic?

International norm development and change: can international law play a meaningful role in curbing the lifestyle disease pandemic?

Integrated prevention and management of non-communicable diseases, including musculoskeletal health: a systematic policy analysis among OECD countries

The Use of Fitness Influencers’ Websites by Young Adult Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

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