Recognizing friends by their walk: Gait perception without familiarity cues

Cutting, James E.; Kozlowski, Lynn T.

doi:10.3758/bf03337021

Cited by 912 publications

(487 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Gait recognition of familiar people is possible from extremely impoverished images such as dynamic point-light displays (Cutting & Kozlowski, 1977) and it is possible to learn and identify idiosyncratic stride patterns of previously-unfamiliar people from this type of display (Stevenage, Nixon & Vince, 1999). There was no attempt to disguise gait when the actor reentered the room for the live showup trial and it is possible that decisions were partly made on this basis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live Showups and Their Influence on a Subsequent Video Line‐up

Valentine

Davis

Memon

et al. 2011

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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A live showup (known as a street identification in the UK) allows the perpetrator to be identified shortly after a street crime. If the suspect disputes the identification, a video lineup often ensues. Four experiments examined the reliability of live showups and their influence on a subsequent video lineup using realistic procedures and conditions. Similar proportions of culprits and innocent suspects were identified from live showups and video lineups. Both culprits and innocent suspects previously identified were likely to be identified again in a subsequent lineup, with delays from a few minutes to a month. Only a weak effect of clothing bias was observed. There was strong evidence of commitment to a previous identification, but no reliable evidence of source monitoring errors. The results suggest that a live showup is not less fair than a lineup, but use of repeated identification procedures introduces an unfair bias against innocent suspects.Live showups and video lineups 4

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live Showups and Their Influence on a Subsequent Video Line‐up

Valentine

Davis

Memon

et al. 2011

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“…The possibility of recognizing people by the way they move might therefore obtain. Pioneering evidence has been produced by Cutting and Kozlowski (1977) who have shown, with Johansson's (1973) patch-light technique, that recognition is possible from viewing the kinematics of walking friends. Frykholm (1983aFrykholm ( , 1983b has extended these findings by using methods that permit control of naming confusion.…”

Section: Identity and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic specification of dynamics as an informational basis for person-and-action perception: Expectation, gender recognition, and deceptive intention.

Runeson¹,

Frykholm²

1983

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

603

432

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SUMMARYThe widespread conviction that perceiving another person must rest on ambiguous and fakeable information is challenged. Arguing from biomechanical necessities inherent in maintaining balance and coping with reactive impulses, we show that the detailed kinematic pattern is specific to an acting person's anatomical makeup and to the working of his or her motor control system. In this way information is potentially available about gender, identity, expectations, intentions, and what the person is in fact doing. We invoke the lawfulness of human movement, as elucidated by recent advances in motor control theory, to demonstrate the virtual impossibility of performing truly deceptive movements and to argue in general terms for the specification power inherent in human kinematics.The outcome of the analysis is subsumed under a principle of kinematic specification of dynamics (KSD), which states that movements specify the causal factors of events. Generally, a linked multiple degrees-of-freedom system does not exhibit substitutability; a change in one of its "input" factors cannot substitute for, or cancel, the multivariable effects of a change in another factor.Six explorative experiments are reported. Displaying humans in action with Johansson's (1973) patch-light technique, we show that (a) the influence of an invisible thrown object on the kinematics of the thrower enable observers to perceive the length of throw; (b) the lead-in movements of a person lifting a box allow perception of what weight the lifter expects; (c) a person lifting a box cannot deceive observers about the weight of the box, only convey the deceptive intention; (d) gender of adults and children in complex activity is recognizable to about 75% of presentations; (e) gender recognition rises to about 85% correct when the observed persons are.not self-conscious about gender; (f) real gender and expressed (acted) gender are simultaneously, but independently, perceived; and (g) observer instructions to judge only "gender" yields results that erroneously indicate a deception effect.We conclude that the experiments have demonstrated the considerable effectiveness of kinematic information in enabling perception of persons and action. Judgments of good precision were often obtained. Some perceived properties were relatively subtle states of the seen person. True conditions were perceived despite deceptive endeavors. The KSD principle therefore appears an appropriate conceptual guide, and the patch-light technique a useful empirical method, for the study of social knowing.The concluding discussion argues that person perception has a dual nature in that true person properties and communicative or deceptive expressions are co-specified in the kinematic pattern. Hence, they constitute alternative foci for perception, and attention can switch freely between them in normal social interaction. Extensive parallels exist between this view of person perception and Gibson's (1979) treatment of pictures and picture perception.Furthermore, we argue that the stu...

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“…For reasons of symmetry, we also create a rotated template using the opposite rotation (−r). Subsequently, two new SEIs are constructed based on the rotated averaged silhouettes using equation (3). This construction is shown in Figure 7(a).…”

Section: B Dimensionally Reduction For Seismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the experimental evaluation of our method, we use the CMU database [18], the CASIA database [19] and the gait database that was recorded in the framework of the ACTIBIO project (Unobtrusive Authentication Using ACTIvity Related and Soft BIOmetrics) 3 . In the above databases, there are test gait sequences in which the walking person is carrying a bag or wearing a coat, which facilitates the demonstration of the benefits of our approach.…”

Section: B Experimental Evaluations Using Three Different Gait Databmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait Recognition With Shifted Energy Image and Structural Feature Extraction

Huang

Boulgouris

2012

IEEE Trans. on Image Process.

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In this paper, we present a novel and efficient gait recognition system. The proposed system uses two novel gait representations, the Shifted Energy Image and the Gait Structural Profile, that have increased robustness to some classes of structural variations. Furthermore, we introduce a novel method for the simulation of walking conditions and the generation of artificial subjects that are used for the application of Linear Discriminant Analysis. In the decision stage, the two representations are fused.Thorough experimental evaluation, conducted using one traditional and two new databases, demonstrates the advantages of the proposed system in comparison to current state-of-the-art systems.

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Recognizing friends by their walk: Gait perception without familiarity cues

Cited by 912 publications

References 9 publications

Live Showups and Their Influence on a Subsequent Video Line‐up

Live Showups and Their Influence on a Subsequent Video Line‐up

Kinematic specification of dynamics as an informational basis for person-and-action perception: Expectation, gender recognition, and deceptive intention.

Gait Recognition With Shifted Energy Image and Structural Feature Extraction

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