Recognition of Islanding Data for Multiple Distributed Generation Systems with ROCOF Shore Up Analysis

Real-time Detection of Microgrid Islanding Considering Sources of Uncertainty Using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic and PSO Algorithm

“…Local detection methods can be categorized into passive, active, hybrid, and intelligent methods, which operate by measuring SG parameters, such as voltage, current, frequency, and harmonic distortion on the microgrid side [5]. Passive methods include under/overvoltage relays (UVR/OVR), under/over-frequency relays (UFR/OFR) [5], rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) [6], methods based on rate of change of active power (ROCOAP) and rate of change of reactive power (ROCORP) [7], a technique based on two criteria of transient index value (TIV) and positive sequence of current angle at common connection point [8], detection methods using signal processing techniques [9], methods based on unbalance voltage (UV) [2], methods based on total harmonic distortion (THD) [10], and methods based on differential transient rate of change of frequency (DTROCOF) [11].…”

Islanding detection of integrated distributed generation with advanced controller

“…The active method detects islanding by injecting a continuous perturbance and observing the changes in it [11]. These methods [12], Sandia frequency shift [13], Slip mode frequency shift [14], Negative sequence current injection [15], Reactive power injection [16] are some of the active methods. The Hybrid method combines the features of both active and passive methods [17].…”