Recognition of heterospecific parasitism: Competition between Aphidiid (Aphidius ervi) and Aphelinid (Aphelinus asychis) parasitoids of Aphids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae; Aphelinidae)

Bai, B.; Mackauer, M.

doi:10.1007/bf01048282

Cited by 23 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Similar results have been reported by Sampaio et al (2006), after experiments in which oviposition intervals were no longer than 3 h. Additionally, Bai and Mackauer (1991) have shown that larval competition between A. ervi and A. asychis was not affected by oviposition sequence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Such heterospeciÞc recognition has been reported by Bai and Mackauer (1991), after the observation that A. ervi did not oviposit in pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), that were already parasitized by Aphelinus asychis (Walker). These authors demonstrated that A. ervi always preferred to oviposit in nonparasitized pea aphids than in their parasitized counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Larval Competition BetweenAphidius erviandPraon volucre(Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) inMacrosiphum euphorbiae(Hemiptera: Aphididae)

et al. 2010

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Interspecific competition between parasitoid larvae may influence the size, structure, and stability of the population, leading to a reduction in total parasitism and thus restricting the pest control. Aphidius ervi (Haliday) and Praon volucre (Haliday) are endoparasitoids that possess a wide host range and present considerable potential for the biological control of the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). The larval competition between A. ervi and P. volucre, and the possible intrinsic competitive superiority of one of the parasitoids in M. euphorbiae, have been studied. In single parasitism experiments, mated parasitoid females (n=10) were maintained individually in contact with M. euphorbiae hosts (n=30) inside petri dishes containing lettuce leaf discs and maintained in environmental chamber at 22 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH, and 12-h photophase. The multiple parasitism experiments consisted of exposing single parasitized aphids (n=120) to the second parasitoid species. Two oviposition events were performed with a 4-h interval between them, namely the following: sequence A (oviposition by A. ervi, followed by P. volucre) and sequence B (oviposition by P. volucre, followed by A. ervi). Oviposition sequence A generated 24 A. ervi and 55 P. volucre adults, whereas oviposition sequence B generated 23 and 49 adults. P. volucre is an intrinsically superior competitor compared with A. ervi, and the use of the two species simultaneously may result in competitive exclusion and influence the stability of the parasitoid population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Larval Competition BetweenAphidius erviandPraon volucre(Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) inMacrosiphum euphorbiae(Hemiptera: Aphididae)

et al. 2010

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“…The wasps were reared on a highly susceptible pea aphid clone which lacks any described facultative endosymbionts. Female A. abdominalis mature eggs throughout their lifetime and have the capacity to resorb eggs in the absence of aphids (a synovarial life history [42]); the adults also feed on aphids, which A. ervi does not [43]. We therefore decided that A. abdominalis females should be exposed to aphids prior to their use in experiments, both to ensure that they possessed mature eggs [35] and to minimize host-feeding during the experiment [33].…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Experimental Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for specificity in symbiont-conferred protection against parasitoids

2015

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Many insects harbour facultative symbiotic bacteria, some of which have been shown to provide resistance against natural enemies. One of the best-known protective symbionts is Hamiltonella defensa, which in pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) confers resistance against attack by parasitoid wasps in the genus Aphidius (Braconidae). We asked (i) whether this symbiont also confers protection against a phylogenetically distant group of parasitoids (Aphelinidae) and (ii) whether there are consistent differences in the effects of bacteria found in pea aphid biotypes adapted to different host plants. We found that some H. defensa strains do provide protection against an aphelinid parasitoid Aphelinus abdominalis. Hamiltonella defensa from the Lotus biotype provided high resistance to A. abdominalis and moderate to low resistance to Aphidius ervi, while the reverse was seen from Medicago biotype isolates. Aphids from Ononis showed no evidence of symbiont-mediated protection against either wasp species and were relatively vulnerable to both. Our results may reflect the different selection pressures exerted by the parasitoid community on aphids feeding on different host plants, and could help explain the maintenance of genetic diversity in bacterial symbionts.

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“…In the case of multi-parasitism, parasitoid larvae compete for the possession of the host by physical fights or physiological suppression, leading to the death of supernumerary immatures ( Salt, 1961;Bai & Mackauer, 1991;Godfray, 1994 ). In solitary parasitoids, only one adult parasitoid can emerge from the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do past experience and competitive ability influence foraging strategies of parasitoids under interspecific competition?

Lann

Outreman

Alphen

et al. 2008

Ecological Entomology

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International audience1. In solitary parasitoids, several species can exploit the same host patch and competition could potentially be a strong selective agent as only one individual can emerge from a host. In cereal crops, Aphidius rhopalosiphi and A. ervi share the grain aphid Sitobion avenae as host. 2. The present work studied foraging strategies of both species on patches already exploited by the other species. The study analysed larval competition in multi-parasitised hosts and compared the foraging behaviour of females with and without previous experience. 3. It was found that A. ervi wins larval competition three times more often than A. rhopalosiphi . Both species spent less time on patches exploited by a heterospecific than on unexploited ones. When they foraged on heterospecifically exploited patches, experienced females induced less mortality in aphids than inexperienced ones. 4. Although A. rhopalosiphi is a specialist on cereal aphids and is the most abundant species due to its early appearance in the season, S. avenae is still a profitable host for A. ervi , because: (i) A. rhopalosiphi leaves patches partially exploited, (ii) A. ervi wins larval competition in three out of four multi-parasitised hosts, and (iii) A. ervi is only slightly deterred by the cornicular secretions of the host and can thus easily parasitise hosts

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Recognition of heterospecific parasitism: Competition between Aphidiid (Aphidius ervi) and Aphelinid (Aphelinus asychis) parasitoids of Aphids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae; Aphelinidae)

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Larval Competition BetweenAphidius erviandPraon volucre(Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) inMacrosiphum euphorbiae(Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Larval Competition BetweenAphidius erviandPraon volucre(Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) inMacrosiphum euphorbiae(Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Evidence for specificity in symbiont-conferred protection against parasitoids

Do past experience and competitive ability influence foraging strategies of parasitoids under interspecific competition?

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