2021
DOI: 10.3390/app11041573
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Recognition of Handwritten Arabic and Hindi Numerals Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Abstract: Arabic and Hindi handwritten numeral detection and classification is one of the most popular fields in the automation research. It has many applications in different fields. Automatic detection and automatic classification of handwritten numerals have persistently received attention from researchers around the world due to the robotic revolution in the past decades. Therefore, many great efforts and contributions have been made to provide highly accurate detection and classification methodologies with high per… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Deep learning is one of the newest sorts and state-of-the-art artificial intelligence technologies that has emerged in response to the growing quantity of massive datasets (Alqudah 2020 ; Esteva et al 2021 ; Alqudah et al 2021a , b ; Kanavati et al 2020 ). Deep learning is primarily defined and distinguished by the development of a unique architecture made up of many and sequential layers in which successive stages of input processing are carried out (LeCun et al 1995 , 2015 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Deep learning is one of the newest sorts and state-of-the-art artificial intelligence technologies that has emerged in response to the growing quantity of massive datasets (Alqudah 2020 ; Esteva et al 2021 ; Alqudah et al 2021a , b ; Kanavati et al 2020 ). Deep learning is primarily defined and distinguished by the development of a unique architecture made up of many and sequential layers in which successive stages of input processing are carried out (LeCun et al 1995 , 2015 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The human brain's deep structures have a large number of hidden layers, allowing us to extract and abstract deep features at various levels and from various perspectives. In recent years, a slew of deep learning algorithms has been presented (Alqudah 2020 ; Esteva et al 2021 ; Alqudah et al 2021a , b , c ; Kanavati et al 2020 ; LeCun et al 2015 ). The most frequently used, powerful, and efficient deep learning algorithms are the CNN (Alqudah 2020 ; Alqudah et al 2021a , c ; Alqudah and Alqudah 2022a ) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) (Ozturk and Ozkaya 2020 ; Petmezas et al 2021 ; Cinar and Tuncer 2021 ; Jelodar et al 2020 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The fully connected layer is added to the last output with five neurons compatible with the number of classes, and the softmax layer ends the fully connected layer. This can be defined by the corresponding equation [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. where refers to the input vector of the layer with size K , denoted by in the range of .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As shown in Figure 4 , the deep learning structure utilized in this paper [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] began at the input layer, with an image size of 256 × 256 × 3. The CNN structure consisted of four convolutional layers that are responsible for extracting deep features and obtaining the most representative features map.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%