One hundred landraces of maize from Northern Spain were characterized on the basis of twenty-two morphological traits, and seventeen ecological variables (climatic, edaphic and topographic) associated with the collection site. High broad-sense heritabilities (>0.6) were found for plant height, ear height, ear node number, ear length, mid-ear diameter, rows of kernels, kernels per row, cob weight and days to silking. Seven different groups were obtained with cluster analysis using plant and cycle traits, and discriminant analysis showed that leaf area, ear shape, tassel branches, rows of kernels, plant height, cob weight, and ear length were the most important traits for taxonomic classification. Seven populations with promising breeding value were detected.