Recognition effects of study organization and test context.

Jacoby, Larry L.; Hendricks, Reginald Lynn

doi:10.1037/h0035501

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Recognition performance appears to benefit from such configural information. In the Hintzman, Summers, and Block (1975) study, related items seen at a spacing of 0 were recognized better than those in the other conditions, and a similar result had been reported earlier by Jacoby and Hendricks (1973). Experimenters often implicitly assume that items in a randomly ordered list are Bunrelated,^and when the items are words sampled from a large word pool, this may not be too far from the truth; but travel scenes tend to fall into preferred categories, such as landscapes, buildings, and bodies of water.…”

Section: Empirical Evidencesupporting

confidence: 77%

Is memory organized by temporal contiguity?

Hintzman

2015

Mem Cogn

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The hypotheses that memories are ordered according to time and that contiguity is central to learning have recently reemerged in the human memory literature. This article reviews some of the key empirical findings behind this revival and some of the evidence against it, and finds the evidence for temporal organization unconvincing. A central problem is that, as many memory experiments are done, they have a prospective, as well as a retrospective, component. That is, if subjects can anticipate how they will be tested, they encode the to-be-remembered material in a way that they believe will facilitate performance on the anticipated test. Experiments that avoid this confounding factor have shown little or no evidence of organization by contiguity.

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Section: Empirical Evidencesupporting

confidence: 77%

Is memory organized by temporal contiguity?

Hintzman

2015

Mem Cogn

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“…Horowitz and Manelis (1972) found greater decrements for idiomatic adjective-noun phrases tested out of context than for meaningful or anomalous phrases, because idioms are so well integrated that the meanings of the individual words are obscured. Recognition decrements due to changed context are also stronger when an entire list is well organized (categorically blocked) than when it is randomly presented (Jacoby, 1972;Jacoby & Hendricks, 1973). Similarly, context change is more detrimental when words are presented in meaningful or thematic sequences (Ciccone & Brelsford, 1975;Pompi & Lachman, 1967).…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Semantic integration and context

Baker

Santa

1977

Memory & Cognition

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Context effects in recognition memory were examined by manipulating the semantic integration of sentential contexts. Subjects studied words embedded in congruous. incongruous, and anomalous sentences and were tested for recognition of the targets in either the same or changed contexts. Recognition was impaired if the test item appeared in a new sentence. and the extent of the decrement was greatest for congrous sentences. The results suggest that consistence with past experience affects the integration of the representation, and that the stronger the integration. the more difficult it is to recognize the target in a new context. The data are discussed in terms of a relative specificity of encoding effect.

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“…Mandler and his colleagues, for example, have demonstrated that item recognition increases with the number of subjective categories used to sort TBRg items during study (Mandler, 1972;Mandler et al, 1969) and that this effect is more pronounced the longer the retention interval (Mandler et al, 1969). Other researchers have shown that the blocking of items by normative category during study results in better item recognition than a random study arrangement, even when the test does not preserve the input structure (Bower et al, 1969;D'Agostino, 1969;Jacoby & Hendricks, 1973;Slamecka, 1975).…”

Section: Categorically Organized Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%