Recognition and Repair Pathways of Damaged DNA in Higher Plants

Biedermann, Sascha; Mooney, Sutton; Hellmann, Hanjo

doi:10.5772/21380

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 241 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, seed aging increases the chromosome aberration rate [70,71,72]. Therefore, functional repair mechanisms are crucial for sustaining seed germination and longevity [64,73,74,75]. Waterworth et al [75] showed that DNA Ligase VI, a plant-specific enzyme that participates in the repair of DNA strand breaks, is crucial for maintaining A. thaliana seed viability as atlig6 mutants displayed significant hypersensitivity to controlled seed aging.…”

Section: Disruption Of Genetic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Oxygen Species as Potential Drivers of the Seed Aging Process

Kurek

Plitta-Michalak

Ratajczak

2019

Plants

149

116

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Seeds are an important life cycle stage because they guarantee plant survival in unfavorable environmental conditions and the transfer of genetic information from parents to offspring. However, similar to every organ, seeds undergo aging processes that limit their viability and ultimately cause the loss of their basic property, i.e., the ability to germinate. Seed aging is a vital economic and scientific issue that is related to seed resistance to an array of factors, both internal (genetic, structural, and physiological) and external (mainly storage conditions: temperature and humidity). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to initiate seed aging via the degradation of cell membrane phospholipids and the structural and functional deterioration of proteins and genetic material. Researchers investigating seed aging claim that the effective protection of genetic resources requires an understanding of the reasons for senescence of seeds with variable sensitivity to drying and long-term storage. Genomic integrity considerably affects seed viability and vigor. The deterioration of nucleic acids inhibits transcription and translation and exacerbates reductions in the activity of antioxidant system enzymes. All of these factors significantly limit seed viability.

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Section: Disruption Of Genetic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Oxygen Species as Potential Drivers of the Seed Aging Process

Kurek

Plitta-Michalak

Ratajczak

2019

Plants

149

116

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“…Sunlight contains energy rich UV-A (320–400 nm), UV-B (290 to 320 nm), and UV-C (280 to 100 nm) light. UV-C is filtered out in the atmosphere and UV-B and UV-A can reach earth's surface effectively [ 3 ]. Among UV radiation types, UV-A radiation has been shown to have less DNA damaging effect because it cannot be absorbed by native DNA, whereas UV-A and visible light energy (up to 670–700 nm) can damage DNA via indirect photosensitizing reactions-mediated ROS generation especially singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) [ 9 ].…”

Section: Ultraviolet (Uv) Ionizing Radiations (Ir) and Cellular mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the very stable nature of plant genome, nuclear DNA is an inherently unstable molecule and can be damaged spontaneously, metabolically, or by aforesaid stress factors. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts of normal cellular metabolism or as a result of abiotic stress conditions leads to DNA damage in the cell [ 2 , 3 ]. In addition to producing both single-strand DNA breaks (SSBs) and double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs), intrinsic DNA damage may include the loss of a base to form an abasic site, chemical modification of a base to form a miscoding or noncoding lesion, and sugar-phosphate backbone breakage [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to producing both single-strand DNA breaks (SSBs) and double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs), intrinsic DNA damage may include the loss of a base to form an abasic site, chemical modification of a base to form a miscoding or noncoding lesion, and sugar-phosphate backbone breakage [ 4 , 5 ]. The accumulation of such damages (unrecognized and unrepaired DNA damage) may cause lethal mutations which in turn can reduce plant genome stability, growth, and productivity and also threaten the organism's immediate survival [ 2 , 3 , 5 – 7 ]. Therefore, effective detection of DNA damage, removal of damaged nucleotides, replacement with undamaged nucleotides via DNA synthesis, and repair of DNA damage are essential to eliminate the chance of permanent genetic alterations and hence to ensure the stability of the plant genome [ 2 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA Damage and Repair in Plants under Ultraviolet and Ionizing Radiations

Gill

Anjum

Gill

et al. 2015

The Scientific World Journal

123

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Being sessile, plants are continuously exposed to DNA-damaging agents present in the environment such as ultraviolet (UV) and ionizing radiations (IR). Sunlight acts as an energy source for photosynthetic plants; hence, avoidance of UV radiations (namely, UV-A, 315–400 nm; UV-B, 280–315 nm; and UV-C, <280 nm) is unpreventable. DNA in particular strongly absorbs UV-B; therefore, it is the most important target for UV-B induced damage. On the other hand, IR causes water radiolysis, which generates highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and causes radiogenic damage to important cellular components. However, to maintain genomic integrity under UV/IR exposure, plants make use of several DNA repair mechanisms. In the light of recent breakthrough, the current minireview (a) introduces UV/IR and overviews UV/IR-mediated DNA damage products and (b) critically discusses the biochemistry and genetics of major pathways responsible for the repair of UV/IR-accrued DNA damage. The outcome of the discussion may be helpful in devising future research in the current context.

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“…Advancements in this field have been provided by the Arabidopsis genome sequence [6]. Plants have orthologs of most of the genes involved in mammalian DNA repair pathways [7][8][9]. However, several interesting features may be noted: the presence of unique genes, the presence of multiple gene copies and the absence of well-characterized genes in plant genomes [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting DNA from errors and damage: an overview of DNA repair mechanisms in plants compared to mammals

Spampinato

2016

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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The genome integrity of all organisms is constantly threatened by replication errors and DNA damage arising from endogenous and exogenous sources. Such base pair anomalies must be accurately repaired to prevent mutagenesis and/or lethality. Thus, it is not surprising that cells have evolved multiple and partially overlapping DNA repair pathways to correct specific types of DNA errors and lesions. Great progress in unraveling these repair mechanisms at the molecular level has been made by several talented researchers, among them Tomas Lindahl, Aziz Sancar, and Paul Modrich, all three Nobel laureates in Chemistry for 2015. Much of this knowledge comes from studies performed in bacteria, yeast, and mammals and has impacted research in plant systems. Two plant features should be mentioned. Plants differ from higher eukaryotes in that they lack a reserve germline and cannot avoid environmental stresses. Therefore, plants have evolved different strategies to sustain genome fidelity through generations and continuous exposure to genotoxic stresses. These strategies include the presence of unique or multiple paralogous genes with partially overlapping DNA repair activities. Yet, in spite (or because) of these differences, plants, especially Arabidopsis thaliana, can be used as a model organism for functional studies. Some advantages of this model system are worth mentioning: short life cycle, availability of both homozygous and heterozygous lines for many genes, plant transformation techniques, tissue culture methods and reporter systems for gene expression and function studies. Here, I provide a current understanding of DNA repair genes in plants, with a special focus on A. thaliana. It is expected that this review will be a valuable resource for future functional studies in the DNA repair field, both in plants and animals.

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Recognition and Repair Pathways of Damaged DNA in Higher Plants

Cited by 10 publications

References 241 publications

Reactive Oxygen Species as Potential Drivers of the Seed Aging Process

Reactive Oxygen Species as Potential Drivers of the Seed Aging Process

DNA Damage and Repair in Plants under Ultraviolet and Ionizing Radiations

Protecting DNA from errors and damage: an overview of DNA repair mechanisms in plants compared to mammals

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