Recognition and management of fetal alcohol syndrome

Burd, Larry; Cotsonas-Hassler, Tania M; Martsolf, John T.; Kerbeshian, Jacob

doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2003.07.020

Cited by 93 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Although a significant reduction in interhemispheric connectivity was not detected, increased connectivity between the striatal and brainstem/thalamus region to the sensorimotor network was observed [126]. [127], which has confounded its diagnosis.…”

Section: Brain Network Changes Revealed By Resting-state Fmrimentioning

confidence: 88%

Radiological studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in humans and animal models: An updated comprehensive review

Nguyen

Chong

Tieng

et al. 2017

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Section: Brain Network Changes Revealed By Resting-state Fmrimentioning

confidence: 88%

Radiological studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in humans and animal models: An updated comprehensive review

Nguyen

Chong

Tieng

et al. 2017

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…It is clear that alcohol exposure during the critical growth spurt period has significant effects on cortical development. The alcohol-induced dysfunctions in cerebral cortex reported during the period of synaptogenesis contribute, in part, to impaired sensory information processing that may underlie delayed sensorimotor development and impaired fine and gross motor control seen in children with FASD (Burd et al, 2003;Connor et al, 2006;Lopez-Tejero et al, 1986;Streissguth et al, 1984).…”

Section: Postnatal Alcohol Exposure and Pmbsf Area And Barrel Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The behavioral deficits seen in offspring of mothers that abuse alcohol during pregnancy as well as in rodents exposed to alcohol during gestation and early postnatal periods indicate that the sensorimotor system is particularly susceptible to alcohol during brain development. Children with FAS have delayed motor development and somatosensory impairments necessary for performance of fine and gross motor skills (Burd et al, 2003;Connor et al, 2006;Lopez-Tejero et al, 1986). Exposure to alcohol during brain development has been shown to affect reaction time, attention, and response latency in children with FAS (Streissguth et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early postnatal alcohol exposure reduced the size of vibrissal barrel field in rat somatosensory cortex (SI) but did not disrupt barrel field organization

Oladehin

Margret

Maier

et al. 2007

Alcohol

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Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been shown to alter the somatosensory cortex in both human and animal studies. In rodents, PAE reduced the size, but not the pattern of the posteromedial barrel subfield (PMBSF) associated with the representation of the whiskers, in newborn, juvenile, and adult rats. However, the PMBSF is not present at birth, but rather first appears in the middle of the first postnatal week during the brain growth spurt period. These findings raise questions whether early postnatal alcohol exposure might disrupt both barrel field pattern and size, questions that were investigated in the present study. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into alcohol (Alc), nutritional gastric control (GC), and suckle control (SC) on P4. Rat pups in Alc and GC were artificially fed with alcohol and maltose-dextrin dissolved in milk respectively, via an implant gastrostomy tube, from postnatal day 4 (P4) to P9. Pups in the Alc group received alcohol (6.0 g/kg) in milk, while the GC controls received isocaloric equivalent maltose-dextrin dissolved in milk. Pups in the SC group remained with their mothers and breast fed throughout the experimental period. On P10, pups in each group were weighed, sacrificed, and their brains removed and weighed. Cortical hemispheres were separated, weighed, flattened, sectioned tangentially, stained with cytochrome oxidase, and PMBSF measured. The sizes of barrels and the interbarrel septal region within PMBSF, as well as body and brain weights were compared between the three groups. The sizes of PMSBF barrel and septal areas were significantly smaller (p < 0.01) in Alc group compared to controls, while the PMBSF barrel pattern remained unaltered. Body, whole brain, forebrain, and hemisphere weights were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) in Alc pups compared to control groups. GC and SC groups did not differ significantly in all dependent variables, except body weight at P9 and P10 (p < 0.01). These results suggest that postnatal alcohol exposure, like prenatal exposure, significantly influenced the size of the barrel field, but not barrel field pattern formation, indicating that barrel field pattern formation consolidated prior to P4. These results are important for understanding sensorimotor deficits reported in children suffering from fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).

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“…With the documentation of new cases of FAS, it was observed that the signs initially described were not always present all together and, when they were present, severity levels varied, thus the term Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) was proposed (5) . Manifestations of this condition include neurological abnormalities characterized by behavioral disorders, neuropsychomotor development delay, intellectual impairment, and sensory and perceptual changes (6)(7)(8)(9) . There are other labels under the umbrella term FASD owing to the heterogeneity of manifestations: Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (pFAS), Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD), and Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND) (1) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O que sabemos das alterações auditivas centrais em crianças expostas ao álcool na gestação? Revisão sistemática

Simões

Zanchetta

Furtado

2016

CoDAS

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RESUMO Objetivo Identificar os efeitos da ingestão de álcool na gestação sobre o sistema nervoso auditivo central em relação aos seus possíveis diagnósticos, Síndrome Fetal do Álcool, Síndrome Fetal do Álcool Parcial, Distúrbios ao Nascimento Relacionados ao Álcool e Distúrbio do Neurodesenvolvimento Relacionado ao Álcool, sua extensão e o método de avaliação auditiva. Estratégia de pesquisa Busca sistemática e integrativa nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e SciELO, com os termos em português e inglês “síndrome fetal do álcool”, “desordens relacionadas ao uso do álcool” associadas a “audição”. Critérios de seleção Dos 123 resumos identificados, foram seis selecionados, publicados até maio de 2015. Análise dos dados Foram elencados tópicos a serem respondidos, caracterização da casuística; o diagnóstico decorrente da exposição fetal nas crianças; método de avaliação auditiva; e resultados descritos. Resultados Entre as avaliações comportamentais, foram utilizados os testes dicóticos verbais com sílabas e com sentenças e o teste fala com ruído. Entre os testes eletrofisiológicos, no Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico, foi detectada alteração de sincronia neural, e no Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Longa Latência – P300, valores de latência precoces. Conclusão Existem evidências de que as crianças e adultos jovens expostos ao álcool na gestação apresentam sinais de comprometimento do sistema nervoso auditivo central, mas não foi possível caracterizar essas alterações nos diferentes subtipos diagnósticos do espectro. As vias auditivas corticais foram as mais investigadas e o método eletrofisiológico o mais utilizado, com um resultado inesperado em dois deles, a latência precoce da N2 e da P300.

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Recognition and management of fetal alcohol syndrome

Cited by 93 publications

References 24 publications

Radiological studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in humans and animal models: An updated comprehensive review

Radiological studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in humans and animal models: An updated comprehensive review

Early postnatal alcohol exposure reduced the size of vibrissal barrel field in rat somatosensory cortex (SI) but did not disrupt barrel field organization

O que sabemos das alterações auditivas centrais em crianças expostas ao álcool na gestação? Revisão sistemática

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