Recognition and Interpretation of Depositional Sequences and Calculation of Sea-Level Changes From Stratigraphic Data—offshore New Jersey and Alabama Tertiary

Greenlee, Stephen M.; Moore, Theodore C.

doi:10.2110/pec.88.01.0329

Cited by 88 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…The lower to middle Miocene on this margin is particularly interesting because the excellent seismic sequence geometries beneath the New Jersey shelf Greenlee and Moore, 1988) can be compared with the inferred record of glacioeustatic change (Miller et al, 1991c;Wright and Miller, 1992). Multichannel and single-channel seismic grids collected with the Maurice Ewing allow the tracing of seismic sequences from the shelf to the slope .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligocene to Middle Miocene Sr-Isotopic Stratigraphy of the New Jersey Continental Slope

Miller¹,

Liu²,

Feigenson³

1996

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 150 Scientific Results

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We analyzed specimens of mixed planktonic foraminifer species for Sr isotopes from the Oligocene to middle Miocene sections from boreholes (Ocean Drilling Program Sites 902, 903, 904, and 906; and outcrops on the New Jersey continental slope. We concentrated on the upper Oligocene-middle Miocene at Sites 903 and 904 (444 and 1129 m present water depth, respectively), the upper Oligocene-lowermost Miocene at Site 902 (811m water depth), and slope outcrops in Carteret and Lindenkohl canyons. Sr-isotopic age estimates of the Ocean Drilling Program boreholes provide a good stratigraphic framework for upper Oligocene to middle Miocene sections, overcoming problems with rare calcareous plankton zonal markers. When integrated with ongoing biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic studies, the Leg 150 sites will provide a precise chronology of slope reflectors that also correlate with sequences boundaries traced under the continental shelf. Preliminary integration is encouraging: (1) nine of the 10 Oligocene to middle Miocene slope reflectors (sequence boundaries) correlate with global δ 18 θ increases and with sequence boundaries in the onshore New Jersey coastal plain, arguing for a causal link between formation of sequence boundaries and glacioeustatic lowerings; and (2) several hiatuses on the slope also correlate with reflectors and the major δ 18 θ increases, although many of the seismic reflectors appear to be conformable at the slope boreholes. Outcrop studies date a major change in depositional regime in the earliest Oligocene; this "siliciclastic switch" from an Eocene carbonate ramp to a starved siliciclastic early Oligocene margin correlates with a global δ 18 θ increase and a regional cooling. Sediment starvation in the early Oligocene resulted in a poorly preserved record on the slope. Sedimentation rates subsequently increased in the middle Oligocene on the entire margin, when prograding clinoforms appeared beneath the modern shelf and rates increased again in the early to middle Miocene. We attribute this progradational change to lower long-term sea level, although hinterland tectonics may have played an important role.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligocene to Middle Miocene Sr-Isotopic Stratigraphy of the New Jersey Continental Slope

Miller¹,

Liu²,

Feigenson³

1996

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 150 Scientific Results

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“…Another important observation that is borne out from the studies of modem systems is that the clinoform rollover is, in general, located at variable distances from the shoreline and in variable water depths. Such a distinction may have important consequences for the characterization of depositional facies in ancient clinoforms as well as for estimating the magnitudes of sea level changes from shifts in the position of onlap within depositional sequences [Greenlee and Moore, 1988].…”

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confidence: 99%

Clinoform development by advection‐diffusion of suspended sediment: Modeling and comparison to natural systems

Pirmez¹,

Pratson²,

Steckler³

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

193

228

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Abstract. Clinoforms are the building blocks of prograding stratigraphic sequences. These sigmoid-shaped surfaces can be found forming today on modem deltas. Sedimentation rate profiles over the clinoform surface of these deltas show low rates of sediment accumulation on both topset and bottomset regions, with a maximum accumulation rate on the upper foreset region. We present a model for the formation of clinoforms that relies on the interpretation of modem clinoform sedimentation as a result of the distribution of shear stresses at the mouth of a river. Model clinoform surfaces are generated using an equation for the conservation of suspended sediment concentration, together with a conservation of fluid equation for simple time-averaged flow velocity fields. In the model, suspended sediment is advected horizontally into a basin, and gravitational settling of sediment particles is counteracted by vertical turbulent diffusion. In shallow water, shear stresses are too large to allow deposition, and sediment bypasses the topset region. With increasing water depth, near-bed shear stresses decrease, and sediment is allowed to deposit at the foreset region, with gradually decreasing rates toward deeper water. This sedimentation pattern leads to progradation of the clinoform surfaces through time. The clinoform surfaces produced by the model capture the fundamental morphological characteristics of natural clinoforms. These include the gradual slope rollover at the topset and bottomset, steeper foreset slopes with increased grain size, and an increase in foreset slope through time as clinoforms prograde into deeper water. Because the parameters controlling the model clinoforms have a direct relation to physical quantities that can be measured in natural systems, the model is an important step toward unraveling the physical processes associated with these deposits.

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“…During the middle Miocene, large deltas (Schlee, 1981;Poag and Mountain, 1987) prograded across the modern continental shelf (Greenlee and Moore, 1988;Steckler et al, 1993). We suggest that at that time the New Jersey margin slope may have been particularly predisposed to the effects of mass wasting because of the increased sediment supply during the middle Miocene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Cenozoic history on this slope is, in large part, represented by hiatuses rather than depositional sequences (Greenlee and Moore, 1988). Repeated erosional events have affected the slope since the Paleogene (e.g., Tucholke and Mountain, 1979;Scholle, 1980;Poag, Watts, et al, 1987;Mountain, 1987), producing a discontinuous stratigraphic architecture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic-to-Well Correlation of Seismic Unconformities at Leg 150 Continental Slope Sites

Lorenzo¹,

Hesselbo²

1996

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 150 Scientific Results

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Seismic-to-well correlation at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) continental slope Sites 902, 903, 904, and 906 identifies 19 Pleistocene-Eocene unconformable surfaces and reflectors. Seismic features on 120-channel, tuned, air-gun seismic data are tied to borehole depths via one-dimensional synthetic seismogram models. Reprocessed migrated seismic profiles along Maurice Ewing Lines 1005 and 1027 reveal clear images of two middle Miocene canyon-cutting surfaces and Pleistocene slumpbounding unconformities. At Site 904, good-quality compressional-wave velocity and density values allow models to match seismic facies. A high-amplitude continuous seismic facies between Miocene unconformities q and w can be attributed to distal toe-of-delta clinoforms containing alternating glauconite-rich and -poor sedimentary facies. A seaward-thinning Oligocene interval downlaps the upper Oligocene/upper Eocene, producing reflectors resolvable only through ties to biostratigraphic and lithologic borehole data. A silica-indurated diagenetic front within the middle Eocene produces reflectors that do not have chronostratigraphic significance and can mislead sequence stratigraphic interpretations.

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Recognition and Interpretation of Depositional Sequences and Calculation of Sea-Level Changes From Stratigraphic Data—offshore New Jersey and Alabama Tertiary

Cited by 88 publications

References 0 publications

Oligocene to Middle Miocene Sr-Isotopic Stratigraphy of the New Jersey Continental Slope

Oligocene to Middle Miocene Sr-Isotopic Stratigraphy of the New Jersey Continental Slope

Clinoform development by advection‐diffusion of suspended sediment: Modeling and comparison to natural systems

Seismic-to-Well Correlation of Seismic Unconformities at Leg 150 Continental Slope Sites

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