Recognising faces but not traits: Accurate personality judgment from faces is unrelated to superior face memory

Satchell, Liam; Davis, Joseph S.; Julle-Danière, Églantine; Tupper, Nina; Marshman, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.02.002

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…As with previous research investigating SRs, a disproportionately high number of participants in the current research achieved SR criteria (e.g., Belanova, Davis, & Thompson, 2018;Satchell, Davis, Julle-Danière, Tupper, & Marshman, 2019). Many more scored slightly below our SR threshold.…”

Section: The Current Researchsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…5 Some authors argue that to rigorously allocate SRs to groups, two or more tests are required. Following Satchell et al (2019), these three ANOVAs were therefore repeated with the exclusion of SRs (n = 41) achieving less than maximum on the GFMT (GFMT = 40), and controls (n = 89) scoring more than 1 SD outside the typical population mean on the GFMT (GFMT = 28-36 out of 40). These ANOVAs generated virtually identical effects as the main analyses reported above, albeit with larger between-group effect sizes for hits, F(1, 120) = 18.11, p < .001, η 2 = .131, foil IDs, F(1, 120) = 41.38, p < .001, η 2 = .256, and misses, F(1, 120) = 7.29, p = .008, η 2 = .057.…”

Section: Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, it could be argued that rather than possessing enhanced-face recognition ability, SRs are simply more competitive or motivated, and therefore try harder at tests of this type. This proposal would, however, ignore the growing body of literature demonstrating that SRs do not always outperform controls at tasks that do not involve the recognition of faces (e.g., flowers recognition:Davis et al, 2016; house recognition:Bobak, Bennetts, et al, 2016; personality in faces:Satchell et al, 2019). It would seem strange that groups of different SRs recruited to different research projects would only be motivated to try hard on face tests, and not on other tests presented in the same research.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Super‐recognisers: Face recognition performance after variable delay intervals

Davis

Bretfelean

Belanova

et al. 2020

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Outstanding long-term face recognition of suspects is a hallmark of the exceptionally skilled police 'super-recognisers' (SRs). Yet, research investigating SR's memory for faces mainly employed brief retention intervals. Therefore, in Experiment 1, 597 participants (121 SRs) viewed 10 target videos and attempted identification of targets from 10 target-present line-ups after 1-56 days. In Experiment 2, 1,421 participants (301 SRs) viewed 20 target videos, and after a baseline of no delay to 28 days,-10 target-present and 10 target-absent line-ups, to assess correct line-up rejections. Overall, delay positively correlated with hits but not with correct rejections. Most, but not all SRs, made more correct identifications and correct rejections than controls at all retention intervals, demonstrating that many SRs possess enhanced long-term face memory. This research adds to the knowledge of SR's skillsets, and enhances the case for the selection of SRs to identity critical roles-particularly policing.

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Section: The Current Researchsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Super‐recognisers: Face recognition performance after variable delay intervals

Davis

Bretfelean

Belanova

et al. 2020

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“…However, it is not clear that the accuracy observed for these highly controlled images would generalise to the variable conditions in which we see faces in everyday life, that is, faces that vary in expression, pose, lighting, and so forth. Ambient images may therefore provide a more ecologically valid estimate of impression accuracy than standardised images, although very few accuracy studies have used these stimuli (for exceptions; Back et al, 2010; Reiss & Tsvetkova, 2020; Satchell et al, 2019). Furthermore, it is important to show that accuracy can generalise to these sorts of naturalistic images because this context reflects people’s normal experience with faces.…”

Section: Measuring Accuracy Using Multiple Ambient Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adults’ facial impressions of children’s niceness, but not shyness, show modest accuracy

Collova

Sutherland

Jeffery

et al. 2020

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Lay wisdom warns against “judging a book by its cover.” However, facial first impressions influence people’s behaviour towards others, so it is critical that we understand whether these impressions are at all accurate. Understanding impressions of children’s faces is particularly important because these impressions can have social consequences during a crucial time of development. Here, we examined the accuracy of two traits that capture the most variance in impressions of children’s faces, niceness and shyness. We collected face images and parental reports of actual niceness/shyness for 86 children (4–11 years old). Different images of the same person can lead to different impressions, and so we employed a novel approach by obtaining impressions from five images of each child. These images were ambient, representing the natural variability in faces. Adult strangers rated the faces for niceness (Study 1) or shyness (Study 2). Niceness impressions were modestly accurate for different images of the same child, regardless of whether these images were presented individually or simultaneously as a group. Shyness impressions were not accurate, for images presented either individually or as a group. Together, these results demonstrate modest accuracy in adults’ impressions of niceness, but not shyness, from children’s faces. Furthermore, our results reveal that this accuracy can be captured by images which contain natural face variability, and holds across different images of the same child’s face. These results invite future research into the cues and causal mechanisms underlying this link between facial impressions of niceness and nice behaviour in children.

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“…As with other online face recognition research that tends to attract far greater numbers of superior performers than in student-participant-dominated laboratory-typical (e.g., Belanova, Davis, & Thompson, 2018;Satchell, Davis, Julle-Danière, Tupper, & Marshman, 2019), a large proportion of participants in the current research achieved SR criteria. Many more scored slightly below our SR threshold, while only a few scored below the typical CFMT+ (Russell et al, 2009) control mean in research.…”

Section: The Current Researchmentioning

confidence: 52%

Assessing the long-term face memory of highly superior and typical-ability short-term face recognisers

Davis¹,

D²,

Belanova³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Outstanding long-term unfamiliar face recognition ability is the hallmark of the exceptionally skilled ‘super-recognisers’. Indeed, international police super-recogniser units rely on members identifying unfamiliar suspects from CCTV after substantial delays. Yet, virtually all research has employed brief retention intervals to evaluate super-recognisers’ capabilities. To address this gap in the literature, in Experiment 1, participants (n = 597), including 84 super-recognisers, viewed 10 60s target-actor videos and identified targets from 10 target-present line-ups after random delays of 1, 7, 14, 28, or 56 days. In Experiment 2, participants (n = 1421), including 206 super-recognisers, viewed 20 30s target-actor videos and identified targets from 10 target-present and 10 target-absent line-ups after delays of virtually none, 1, 7, and 28 days. Correct target-present identifications, and with smaller effect sizes, correct target-absent line-up rejections were predicted by short-term face memory and matching test scores, and decision confidence. Delay also predicted correct target-present identifications but not correct rejections. With higher confidence, most super-recognisers (82.5%) individually exceeded overall control mean hit rate accuracy. However, only a minority of comparisons were significant (28.5%). The important applied implication was the demonstration that not all super-recognisers can sustain their skills over longer retention intervals. Therefore, recruitment to super-recogniser research groups, or roles in policing or security require longer-term face memory tests. Important theoretically was the finding that super-recogniser’s estimated forgetting curve was shallower than that of controls, implying that their enhanced mnemonic system for faces allows representations in memory to be more reliably sustained for far longer.

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Recognising faces but not traits: Accurate personality judgment from faces is unrelated to superior face memory

Cited by 17 publications

References 85 publications

Super‐recognisers: Face recognition performance after variable delay intervals

Super‐recognisers: Face recognition performance after variable delay intervals

Adults’ facial impressions of children’s niceness, but not shyness, show modest accuracy

Assessing the long-term face memory of highly superior and typical-ability short-term face recognisers

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