Reclassification of the Xanthomonads Associated with Bacterial Spot Disease of Tomato and Pepper

Jones, Jeffrey B.; Lacy, George H.; Bouzar, H.; Stall, Robert E.; Schaad, N. W.

doi:10.1078/0723202042369884

Cited by 378 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) incited by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans and X. gardneri (Anonymous 2006;Jones et al 2004) is a serious disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) that occurs worldwide in regions with warm and humid climates (Jones et al 2000;Stall et al 1994;Tamir-Ariel et al 2007). The BLS xanthomonads also affect pepper (Capsicum spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, presence of strains of BLS pathogens with a high degree of tolerance to copper (Carrillo-Fasio et al 2001;Gitaitis et al 1992;Gore and O'Garro 1999;Lee and Cho 1996;Martin et al 2004;Scheck et al 1996;Shenge et al 2007) and the considerable number of Xanthomonas species and races causing BLS symptoms in tomato and pepper (Jones et al 2004) have made the control of the disease difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of plant extracts as seed treatments to control bacterial leaf spot of tomato in Tanzania

et al. 2012

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Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) caused by seed-borne xanthomonads is a serious disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), causing significant losses in both yield and quality. To identify more effective control measures, we evaluated crude extracts from 84 plant species in in vitro and in planta assays for antibacterial activity against BLS of tomato. In the in vitro assays, 20.2 % of the tested plant extracts totally inhibited growth of bacteria when seed washings from treated seeds were plated on nutrient agar medium. In the in planta assays, 17.8 % of the tested plant extracts reduced BLS incidence by 100 % in tomato seedlings. The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera, Betula pendula, Coffea arabica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Juniperus communis, Ocimum basilicum, Quercus robur, Rheum palmatum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ruta graveolens, Sinapis alba, Yucca schidigera and Salvia officinalis. Seed treatment of tomato with these extracts completely inhibited Xanthomonas perforans in both in vitro and in planta assays. Extracts from A. vera, C. arabica and Y. schidigera were tested three times using tomato seeds of cultivars Tanya, Cal-J and Moneymaker in Tanzania. Treatment of tomato seeds with these extracts had a positive effect on the number of normal seeds and had no effect on seedling vigor, height and weight. These results indicate that plant extracts from A. vera, C. arabica and Y. schidigera are potential candidates for seed treatment against seed-borne xanthomonads of tomato in Tanzania.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of plant extracts as seed treatments to control bacterial leaf spot of tomato in Tanzania

et al. 2012

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“…vescicatoria or X. euvesicatoria) is the causal agent of bacterial spot disease in both pepper and tomato [1,2]. Xcv strains carrying the avirulence gene avrRxv elicit resistance, characterized by localized necrosis referred to as the hypersensitive response (HR), in the tomato cultivar Hawaii 7998 [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a host 14-3-3 protein that interacts with Xanthomonas effector AvrRxv

Whalen

Richter

Zakhareyvich

et al. 2008

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

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AvrRxv is a member of a family of pathogen effectors present in pathogens of both plant and mammalian species. Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria strains carrying AvrRxv induce a hypersensitive response (HR) in the tomato cultivar Hawaii 7998. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified a 14-3-3 protein from tomato that interacts with AvrRxv called AvrRxv Interactor 1 (ARI1). The interaction was confirmed in vitro with affinity chromatography. Using mutagenesis, we identified a 14-3-3-binding domain in AvrRxv and demonstrated that a mutant in that domain showed concomitant loss of interaction with ARI1 and HR-inducing activity in tomato. These results demonstrate that the AvrRxv bacterial effector recruits 14-3-3 proteins for its function within host cells. AvrRxv homologues YopP and YopJ from Yersinia do not have AvrRxv-specific HR-inducing activity when delivered into tomato host cells by Agrobacterium. Although YopP itself cannot induce HR, its C-terminal domain containing the catalytic residues can replace that of AvrRxv in an AvrRxv-YopP chimera for HR-inducing activity. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the sequences encoding the C-termini of family members are evolving independently from those encoding the N-termini. Our results support a model in which there are three functional domains in proteins of the family, translocation, interaction, and catalytic.

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“…Pohronezny & Volin (1983) estimated a range of total marketable yield losses from 17% to 52% due to late and early bacterial spot infections, respectively. Jones et al (2004) demonstrated that four distinct Xanthomonas species (X. vesicatoria, X. euvesicatoria, X. perforans, and X. gardneri) composed of five races (e.g. T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) cause bacterial diseases on tomato.…”

Section: Pesquisa / Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

New sources of partial resistance to bacterial spot race T2 in processing tomatoes

et al. 2016

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Bacterial leaf spot of tomato is caused by four Xanthomonas species, among which Xanthomonas vesicatoria race T2 predominates in Uruguay. Difficulties in integrated disease management and the rapid spread of the pathogen led to investigations of genetic resistance. This study aimed to identify resistance sources to bacterial leaf spot race T2 in tomato for processing. Twelve genotypes were evaluated under field conditions in 2010 and 2011. Plants were spray-inoculated with a suspension of bacteria (108 cfu/mL) 15 days after transplantation. Incubation period, disease severity on leaves, and the percentage of fruits with symptoms at harvest were determined. The incubation period did not differ among the genotypes. The genotype 'Hawaii 7981' had the lowest leaf severity on the leaves, followed by 'Loica'. The lines (derived from the cultivar 'Loica') LB97, LB99, LB60, and LB76, and the cultivar 'Ohio 8245' showed intermediate levels of severity on leaves, whereas 'H9997', 'Cuyano', LB85, and 'NUN6011' presented higher severities. The differences in disease severity of the leaves were similar over the years, while incidence of symptoms in fruit was more variable. Next to 'Hawaii 7981', the cultivars 'Loica' and 'Ohio 8245' were identified as new sources of partial resistance to bacterial spot race T2.

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Reclassification of the Xanthomonads Associated with Bacterial Spot Disease of Tomato and Pepper

Cited by 378 publications

References 16 publications

The effect of plant extracts as seed treatments to control bacterial leaf spot of tomato in Tanzania

The effect of plant extracts as seed treatments to control bacterial leaf spot of tomato in Tanzania

Identification of a host 14-3-3 protein that interacts with Xanthomonas effector AvrRxv

New sources of partial resistance to bacterial spot race T2 in processing tomatoes

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