Reclassification of Phenotypically Identified Staphylococcus intermedius Strains

Abstract

To reclassify phenotypically identified Staphylococcus intermedius strains, which might include true S. intermedius strains and novel species such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus delphini, we analyzed molecular phylogenies and phenotypic characteristics of 117 S. intermedius group (SIG) strains tentatively identified as being S. intermedius by the Rapid ID32 Staph assay. From phylogenetic analyses of sodA and hsp60 sequences, the SIG strains were divided into three clusters, which belonged to S. pseudintermedius LMG 22219 T , S. intermedius ATCC 29663 T , and S. delphini LMG 22190 T . All the SIG strains from dogs, cats, and humans were identified as being S. pseudintermedius. The wild pigeon strains, except one, were identified as being S. intermedius, and strains from all domestic pigeons, one wild pigeon, horses, and a mink were identified as being S. delphini. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis of nuc genes revealed that S. delphini strains were divided into two clusters: one was the cluster (S. delphini group A) that belonged to S. delphini LMG 22190 T , and the other was the cluster (S. delphini group B) that was more related to S. pseudintermedius LMG 22219 T than S. delphini LMG 22190 T . The DNA-DNA hybridization results showed that S. delphini group B strains were distinguished from S. delphini group A, S. intermedius, and S. pseudintermedius strains. S. intermedius is distinguishable from S. pseudintermedius or S. delphini by positive arginine dihydrolase and acid production from ␤-gentiobiose and D-mannitol. However, phenotypical characteristics to differentiate S. delphini group A, S. delphini group B, and S. pseudintermedius were not found. In conclusion, SIG strains were reclassified into four clusters with three established and one probably novel species.

The <i>In Vitro</i> Activity of 15 Antimicrobial Agents against Bacterial Isolates from Dogs

“…E. coli isolates from diarrheic pigs in Korea [16] had a higher frequency of resistance to tetracycline (97.1%) and streptomycin (99%), while the rate of resistance to ampicillin (27.1%) was comparable to our investigation. A moderate to high level resistance to these antibacterial agents was also reported for E. coli strains isolated from feces of healthy dogs [5], cattle and pigs [20,25].…”

“…S. pseudintermedius is the principal cause of pyoderma and otitis in canine [24]. Although it had been misidentified for decades as S. intermedius, recent analyses by molecular phylogenetic and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approaches indicated that S. pseudintermedius, not S. intermedius, is the major canine pyoderma pathogen [6,23,25], and it has already been proposed that all strains from dogs identified by traditional means be reported as S. pseudintermedius [6,11]. Increasing resistance of this organism and failures to treat canine pyoderma or otitis with a number of antibacterial agents, including fluoroquinolones were reported recently [6,30].…”

Evaluation of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute Interpretive Criteria for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius Isolated from Dogs

“…?show "fnote_aff1"$^! "content-markup(./author-grp [1]/aff|./author-grp [1]/dept-list)> Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, previously identified as Staphylococcus intermedius, 9,10,20 is the most common etiologic agent in canine pyoderma 21 and an agent commonly involved in canine otitis. 17,22 Methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) has been increasingly reported as a primary pathogen in canine infections.…”

Genetic characterization of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from healthy pigeons

“…Subsequently, this species was also found in a wide range of animals, including horses, mink, domestic pigeons, and recently it was isolated from donkeys (Hesselbarth and Schwarz 1995, Futagawa-Saito et al 2006, Futagawa-Saito et al 2007, Sledge et al 2010, Gharsa et al 2014. The phylogenetic analysis of nuc gene sequences revealed, that this species is formed by two genetically distinct groups (A and B) (Sasaki et al 2007). Moreover, DNA-DNA hybridization results showed, that S. delphini group A isolates were distinguished from S. delphini group B, S. intermedius, and S. pseudintermedius isolates.…”

“…The nuc gene sequences analysis showed that isolates belonging to S. delphini group B are more related to the reference S. pseudintermedius LMG 22219(T) than to S. delphini LMG 22190(T). However, phenotypic properties to differentiate S. delphini group A, S. delphini group B, and S. pseudintermedius were not found (Sasaki et al 2007). Mustelidae such as minks, ferrets, and badgers are regarded as natural hosts of S. delphini group A .…”