Reclassification of Pasteurella gallinarum, [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium as Avibacterium gallinarum gen. nov., comb. nov., Avibacterium paragallinarum comb. nov., Avibacterium avium comb. nov. and Avibacterium volantium comb. nov.

Abstract

Reclassification ofThis paper describes a phenotypic and genotypic investigation of the taxonomy of [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella gallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium, a major subcluster within the avian 16S rRNA cluster 18 of the family Pasteurellaceae. An extended phenotypic characterization was performed of the type strain of [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, which is NAD-dependent, and eight NAD-independent strains of [Haemophilus] paragallinarum. Complete 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained for one NAD-independent and four NAD-dependent [Haemophilus] paragallinarum strains. These five sequences along with existing 16S rRNA gene sequences for 11 other taxa within avian 16S rRNA cluster 18 as well as seven other taxa from the Pasteurellaceae were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The analysis demonstrated that [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella gallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium formed a monophyletic group with a minimum of 96?8 % sequence similarity. This group can also be separated by phenotypic testing from all other recognized and named taxa within the Pasteurellaceae. As both genotypic and phenotypic testing support the separate and distinct nature of this subcluster, the transfer is proposed of Pasteurella gallinarum, [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium to a new genus Avibacterium as Avibacterium gallinarum gen. nov., comb. nov., Avibacterium paragallinarum comb. nov., Avibacterium avium comb. nov. and Avibacterium volantium comb. nov. The type strains are NCTC 1118 T (Avibacterium gallinarum), NCTC 11296 T (Avibacterium paragallinarum), NCTC 11297 T (Avibacterium avium) and NCTC 3438 T (Avibacterium volantium). Key characteristics that separate these four species are catalase activity (absent only in Avibacterium paragallinarum) and production of acid from galactose (negative only in Avibacterium paragallinarum), maltose (negative only in Avibacterium avium) and mannitol (negative in Avibacterium gallinarum and Avibacterium avium).

Classification, Identification, and Clinical Significance of Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter Species with Host Specificity for Humans

“…V-factor-dependent strains carry a nadV pseudogene, and in strains competent for transformation, the V-factor-dependent phenotype is naturally reversible by transfer of the intact nadV gene (8). V-factor-dependent and -independent biovars have also been documented for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (7), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (32), and Avibacterium paragallinarum (33,34). Dependence on V factor is therefore not a crucial character for identification and classifica- (NMN) and NAD enter the periplasm through the general porin OMP P2 and are degraded to nicotinamide riboside (NR); exogenous NR probably enters the periplasm through a different porin (293).…”

Genome sequence and comparative analysis of Avibacterium paragallinarum

“…This organism was initially classified as Haemophilus paragallinarum , but later re-classified as A. paragallinarum [1]. The disease has a worldwide distribution, being endemic in commercial laying hens.…”

Membrane vesicles released byAvibacterium paragallinarumcontain putative virulence factors

“…Infectious coryza is an upper respiratory tract infection of chickens caused by the bacterium Avibacterium paragallinarum , a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, that has recently been separated from the genus Haemophilus (Blackall et al , 2005). The disease occurs worldwide and causes economic losses because of an increased number of culls and a marked drop in egg production, particularly at multiage farms (Blackall et al , 1997).…”