Reclamation of Treated Domestic Wastewater Using Biological Membrane Assisted Carbon Filtration (Biomac)

Hege, K. Van; Dewettinck, T.; Claeys, T.; Smedt, G. De; Verstraete, Willy

doi:10.1080/09593332308618350

Cited by 5 publications

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“…It has been tested on laboratory scale for the treatment of WWTP effluent (Van Hege et al 2002) and on pilot scale for the treatment of brines resulting from RO-treatment of effluent from a municipal WWTP (De Wilde et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of micropollutants in WWTP effluent by biological assisted membrane carbon filtration (BioMAC)

Weemaes

Fink

Lachmund

et al. 2011

Water Science and Technology

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In the frame of the European FP6 project Neptune, a combination of biological activated carbon with ultrafiltration (BioMAC) was investigated for micropollutant, pathogen and ecotoxicity removal. One pilot scale set-up and two lab-scale set-ups, of which in one set-up the granular activated carbon (GAC) was replaced by sand, were followed up during a period of 11 months. It was found that a combination of GAC and ultrafiltration led to an almost complete removal of antibiotics and a high removal (>80%) of most of the investigated acidic pharmaceuticals and iodinated contrast media. The duration of the tests did however not allow to conclude that the biological activation was able to extend the lifetime of the GAC. Furthermore, a significant decrease in estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity could be illustrated. The set-up in which GAC was replaced by sand showed a considerably lower removal efficiency for micropollutants, especially for antibiotics but no influence on steroid activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of micropollutants in WWTP effluent by biological assisted membrane carbon filtration (BioMAC)

Weemaes

Fink

Lachmund

et al. 2011

Water Science and Technology

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“…This is mostly realized by additional post-treatment such as in the combination of ozonation with sand-, activated carbon or biological filtration (Knopp et al 2018, Völker et al 2019) and other promising process combinations (e.g., Knopp et al 2018, Yang et al 2017. The latter may for instance be realized by "hybrids" of technologies such as in biological membrane assisted carbon filtration (e.g., van Hege et al 2002). AWWT have been benchmarked for their efficacy by means of chemical, ecotoxicological and microbiological analyses (compare 1.3-1.5 and 2.4).…”

Section: Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies For the Additional Removal Of (Micro)pollutants And Residual Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicological characterization of micropollutants and wastewater samples from conventional biological and advanced wastewater treatment

Abbas¹

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Clean water is fundamental to human health and ecosystem integrity. However, water quality deteriorates due to novel anthropogenic pollutants present at microgram per liter concentrations in urban water cycles (termed micropollutants). Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) have been identified as major point sources for aquatic (micro-)pollutants. Chemical and ecotoxicological analyses have shown that conventional biological WWTPs do not fully remove micropollutants and associated toxicities, which is often because of mobile, polar and/or recalcitrant compounds and transformation products (TPs). To minimize possible environmental risks, advanced wastewater treatment (AWWT) technologies could be a promising mitigation measure. Multiple processes are therefore being developed and evaluated such as ozonation and ozonation followed by granulated activated carbon (GAC) or biological filtration. Assessing the performance of these combined AWWTs was the focus the TransRisk project. Within this project, this thesis accomplished four major goals. Firstly, the preparation of (waste)water samples was optimised for in vitro bioassays. Acidification, filtration and solid phase extraction (SPE) were tested for their impact on environmentally relevant in vitro endocrine activities, mutagenicity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Significantly different outcomes of these assays were detected comparing neutral and acidified samples. Sample filtration had a lesser impact, but in some cases retention of particle-bound compounds could have caused significant toxicity losses. Out of three SPE sorbents the Telos C18/ENV at sample pH 2.5 extracted highest toxicity, some undetected in aqueous samples. These results indicate that sample preparation needs to be optimised for specific sample matrices and bioassays to avoid false-positive or -negative detects in effect-based analyses. Secondly, the above listed in vitro toxicities were monitored in a protected region for drinking water production in South-West Germany (2012-2015). Out of 30 sampling sites surface water and groundwater were the least polluted. Nonetheless, a few groundwater samples induced high anti-estrogenic activity that prompted further monitoring. The latter included a waterworks in which no toxicity was detected. Hospital wastewater also had elevated in vitro toxicities and hospitals are, thus, relevant intervention points for source control. The biological WWTPs were effective in removing most of the detected toxicity, and the selected bioassays proved to be pertinent tools for water quality assessment and prioritisation of pollution hotspots. Thirdly, the in vivo bioassay ISO10872 based on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was adapted for this thesis. Using this model, a median effect concentration (EC50) for reproductive toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon β-naphthoflavone (β- NF) of 114 µg/L was computed which is slightly lower than reported in the scientific literature. β-NF induced cyp-35A3::GFP (a biomarker in transgenic animals) in a time and concentration dependent manner (≤ 21.3–24 fold above controls). β-NF spiked wastewater samples supported earlier hypotheses on particle-bound pollutants. Reproductive toxicity (96 h) and cyp-35A3 induction (24 h) of biologically treated and/or ozonated wastewater extracts and growth promoting effects of GAC/biologically filtered ozonated wastewater extracts were observed. This suggested the presence of residual bioactive/toxic chemicals not included in the targeted chemical analysis. It also highlighted the importance of integrating multiple (apical and molecular) endpoints in wastewater assessments. Fourthly, five in vitro and the adapted C. elegans bioassay were integrated into a wastewater quality evaluation (developed within TransRisk). Out of the five AWWT options, ozonation (at 1 g O3,applied/g DOC, HRT ~ 18 min) combined with nonaerated GAC filtration was rated most effective for toxicity removal. All five AWWTs largely removed estrogenic and (anti-)androgenic activities, but not anti-estrogenic activity and mutagenicity, which even increased during ozonation. This has been observed in related studies and points towards toxic TPs. These results also emphasized the need for implementing an effective post-treatment for ozonation. The results from a parallel in vivo study with Lumbriculus variegatus and Potamopyrgus antipodarum conducted on site at the WWTP (using flow through systems) were in accordance with the C. elegans results. In this context, it is suggested to further implement C. elegans as sensitive, feasible and ecologically relevant model. In conclusion, this thesis shows how optimised sample preparation, long-term (in vitro) environmental monitoring, sensitive and ecologically relevant (in vivo) bioassays as well as innovative evaluation concepts, are pivotal in improving the removal of micropollutants and their toxicities with AWWTs. Future research should further develop and evaluate measures at sewer systems, conventional biological, tertiary and other advanced treatment technologies, as well as sociopolitical strategies (e.g., source control or natural conservation) and restoration projects. The effect-based tools optimised in this thesis will support assessing their success.

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Integration of Activated Carbon Adsorption and Biological Processes in Wastewater Treatment

Çeçen

Aktaş

2011

Activated Carbon for Water and Wastewater Treatment

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Reclamation of Treated Domestic Wastewater Using Biological Membrane Assisted Carbon Filtration (Biomac)

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Removal of micropollutants in WWTP effluent by biological assisted membrane carbon filtration (BioMAC)

Removal of micropollutants in WWTP effluent by biological assisted membrane carbon filtration (BioMAC)

Ecotoxicological characterization of micropollutants and wastewater samples from conventional biological and advanced wastewater treatment

Integration of Activated Carbon Adsorption and Biological Processes in Wastewater Treatment

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