Reclamation of severely disturbed alpine ecosystems: New perspectives

Brown, Ray W.; Chambers, J. C.

doi:10.21000/jasmr89010059

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Some researchers (Brown et al 1976(Brown et al , 1978Brown and Chambers 1989) recommend the use of fertilizers at the time of seeding, although large quantities and repeated yearly applications may not be necessary (Brown et al 1984). High rates of fertilization may favour species adapted to high nutrient conditions and reduce the rates of natural colonization and succession (Chapin 1980;Brown and Chambers 1989). Fertilizers may also encourage the growth of weeds (Thornburg 1982) and other non-native species.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…disturbed site, it is important to consider the adaptation of the species/variety. By choosing species/varieties that are adapted to the conditions found at a particular site, the chances of successful revegetation are greatly improved(Thornburg 1982;Brown and Chambers 1989). The short growing seasons characteristic of high elevations limit the number of plant species that can be successfully grown at such sites.…”

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“…Once plants are established, repeated applications of fertilizer may be necessary to maintain an adequate stand of native plants(Brown et al 1978;Reeder and McGinnies 1989).In contrast, Schuman et al(1991) reported that a single large application of nitrogen fertilizer can be used to supply adequate nitrogen for the revegetated plant community. With repeated applications, a sharp decline in site productivity occurs when fertilizer applications are discontinued(Brown and Chambers 1989). To avoid this decline, it may be better to use little or no fertilizer or only organic soil amendments (such as peat moss) so that native plant populations are allowed to build up slowly.…”

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Development of three slender wheatgrass reclamation varieties /

Darroch¹,

Alberta.²

1996

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Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge, who provided land and assistance in multilocation trials. The financial support of Parks Canada and the Alberta Agricultural Research Institute is also gratefully acknowledged. I would like to thank C. Powter of the Reclamation Research Technical Advisory Committee for his support and advice throughout this research project. I am also grateful to M. Pahl and C. Powter for critically reviewing the manuscript.

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confidence: 99%

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Development of three slender wheatgrass reclamation varieties /

Darroch¹,

Alberta.²

1996

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“…The need to leave space for colonization is stressed by Polster (1989), and it is important that the herbaceous cover produced by seeding be relatively sparse. Brown & Chambers (1989), working in the alpine ecosystems of the Beartooth Mountains in Montana, conclude that the interests of increased rates of succession are best served by a reduced rate of application of a seed mixture that includes species with low nutrient requirements or nitrogen-fixing symbionts, together with a moderate application of nutrients.…”

Section: Ljse Of Minimal Soil Ameliorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Colonization and Succession in the Reclamation of Mine Sites

Winterhalder¹

1993

ASMR

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It is of advantage to the reclamationist to have some conceptual understanding of natural succession, and even more important to have a practical knowledge of the climax vegetation and natural successional processes in the region where he or she works. Factors that can limit succession on reclaimed land include lack of appro!)riate seed source unsuitable soil conditions, and climatic or microclimatic factors. The use of natural success10nal processes is' not incompatible with a certain amount of management, and measures that can be. used to initiate or enhance succession include the use of physical site stabilization or a nurse crop, an enhanC<:d nanve seed source, ".r the use of minimal soil amelioration. An understanding of seed ecology, patch dynamics and the role of s01l microoorganisms are also invaluable to the reclamationist The extensive literarure on colonization and succession, both on untreated and treated wastes of various types and in various climates, is reviewed. The concept of successionThe concept of ecological succession has been at the heart of ecological thinking since the time of Clements (1916Clements ( , 1936. According to Clementsian thinking, succession is an autogenic process, in which vegetation develops on a formerly bare substrate as a sequence of plant communities, each one altering the environment such that it favours the one that follows, culminating in a relatively steady-state -the climax. This concept of succession came to be known as "Relay Floristics" (RF). Egler (1954) introduced another concept of succession, which suggested that the species composition early in the successional process can have a great influence on the final composition. This concept, which would be especially applicable to secondary successions such as those following industrial disrurbance, was known as Initial Floristic Composition (IFC). A lesson on the importance of "initial composition" can be learned from the Mount St. Helen's eruption, where "late successional" species such as hemlock and true fir became established on the debris slide within a year (Dale, 1992). Similarly, Bellairs and Bell (1992) found that initial species composition largely determined vegetation development on sand-mined soils in Western Australia. (1977) presented two further models of succession, the "tolerance" model and the "inhibition" model. The tolerance model incorporates both the RF and the IFC approaches, since it proposes that vegetational change is the result of the superior success of the species best able to make use of the available resources. These species will normally include both "pioneers" and species already established.In the context of revegetation, the tolerance model is likely to include a third component -the species sown or planted by the rec.lamationist. The model is particularly relevant m the case of revegetated land, in view of the use of fertilizers as a tool in implementing revegetation and in managing revegetated land. A plant community is the result of the interaction between the ec...

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“…J. Plant (July f992) Seeds of alpine-grown species often have poor germination (Amen 1965, 1966 Clebsch and Billings 1976), and seeds harvested directly from alpine areas have therefore proven unsatisfactory in reclaiming disturbed alpine sites (Brown and Chambers 1989 (Bliss 1958(Bliss , 1962 Chambers et al 1987). However, Acharya (1989) (Acharya 1989 (1983) GI: ((No.…”

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