Reclamation of Salt-Affected Land: A Review

Shaygan, Mandana; Baumgartl, Thomas

doi:10.3390/soilsystems6030061

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Salinity can be either natural or related to land use activities including clearing land, mining, extracting oil, conducting agricultural operations, and dry land salinity. Climate, soil type, irrigation, depth to groundwater, the salinity of water sources, and land management techniques can all have an impact on soil salinization (Shaygan & Baumgartl, 2022). Salt-affected soils mostly exist in arid and semiarid regions of the world, and many salt-affected wastelands were previously productive lands (Qadir et al, 2000).…”

Section: Salt-affected Landsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The various methods used to reclaim a salt‐affected soil include salt leaching, the addition of amendments, soil ripping, salt scrapping, revegetation using halophytes and combination of aforesaid techniques. For example, a saline‐sodic soil may be reclaimed via revegetation by means of halophytes; whereas, in arid and semi‐arid environments, leaching is a censorious factor for efficacious revegetation, even when salt‐tolerant species are deployed (Shaygan & Baumgartl, 2022).…”

Section: Categories Of Degraded Landsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyanobacteria as a potential bioasset for restoring degraded land

et al. 2023

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Degradation and pollution of land resources is a severe issue worldwide. Rapid urbanization and increased food demand have necessitated the restoration of degraded and highly contaminated land resources in a sustainable manner. The role of soil microorganism in maintaining nutrient balance, texture, fertility, and soil health is widely acknowledged. Cyanobacteria, one of the major components of soil microbiota, have been explored for their role as biofertilizers in improving plant growth and increasing soil fertility; however, less attention has been paid to their potential in restoring degraded lands. Cyanobacteria aids in nutrient cycling, production of plant growth‐promoting substances, desalination, and degradation of diverse organic as well as inorganic contaminants. They use diverse mechanisms for bioremediation (such as biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation) of contaminants in addition to the specific mechanism employed. They occur in symbiotic relationships with various hosts in natural as well as anthropogenically disturbed environments. Therefore, their use in restoration of highly degraded lands is justified and needs to be recognized worldwide. Identifying and exploring cyanobacterial species thriving in stress conditions and multiomics approaches would help in reconnoitering the complex plant–soil‐cyanobacteria interactions and enable scientists to design robust and well‐integrated biotechnological tools for soil remediation. Nevertheless, several technical challenges need to be addressed for rendering cyanobacteria as a realistic and viable bioasset. In this article, we summarize the role of cyanobacteria in addressing the reclamation of various types of degraded and polluted soils. And, it also examines the remaining knowledge gaps that limit its applicability in diverse environmental settings in a sustainable manner.

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Section: Salt-affected Landsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Categories Of Degraded Landsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria as a potential bioasset for restoring degraded land

et al. 2023

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“…Mapping of the spatial distribution to obtain the current status of utilization may be performed by using modern geographical information systems, modelling approaches, and other geostatistical and information technology tools. Soil hydrogeochemical models are effective predictive tools to ascertain the best reclamation practice [151]. Machine learning methods can be used following the digital soil mapping approach involving methods, such as Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Support Vector Machine [152].…”

Section: Research Outlook On Acid Sulphate Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems, Management, and Prospects of Acid Sulphate Soils in the Ganges Delta

2022

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Soil is a finite natural resource and is indispensable for human civilization because it is the medium for food production for the biosphere. Continued soil degradation is a forerunner of catastrophe for the living world. The protection of healthy soils and the restoration of problem soils are strongly needed in the current agricultural scenario as competition for urbanization and other human needs for land resources limits the scope for the further availability of land for agriculture. Naturally occurring degraded soils, such as acid sulphate soils, can be restored with scientific interventions and advanced management strategies. The Ganges Delta is a densely populated region, where the inhabitants’ major livelihood is agriculture. Soil acidity and salinity restrict crop performance in this coastal region, particularly the acid sulphate soils (ASSs) posing a risk to agriculture. ASSs are developed from land-use changes from mangrove forest to agricultural land in this region. There is no systematic study on these soil types covering Bangladesh and India. This paper unfolds several aspects related to the characteristics, problems, and detailed management strategies of ASSs relevant to the Gangetic Delta region where these soils continue to be used for intensive agriculture to meet the livelihood needs. Crop yields are very poor in the unmanaged ASSs due to a very low soil pH (<3.5), hampering the growth and development of crops due to nutrient deficiencies and/or toxicities, coupled with soil salinity. There is toxicity of water-soluble Fe, Al, and Mn. The phosphorus nutrition of crops in these soils is affected owing to a high soil P fixation capacity. A deficiency of micronutrients, such as Zn and Cu, was also observed; however, K availability is variable in the soil. The soil acidity is a general problem throughout the soil profile; however, extreme acidity (pH < 3.5) in particular soil horizons is a typical soil characteristic, which creates problems for its efficient management. Specific operations, such as the selective use of soil layers with good properties for crop root growth, major and minor nutrient applications, and soil amendments, including green manuring, application of biofertilizers, and soil microbes, are gradually improving the properties of these soils and bringing back the potential for good crop production. Scientific water/drainage management is needed to gain an agronomic advantage. Evidence of increased crop yields in these soils observed from green manuring, lime, basic slag, and rock phosphate application are presented.

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“…Salinity increases land degradation, which is a significant barrier to sustainable agriculture production, particularly in arid and semi‐arid regions of the world (Bossio et al, 2007). Salinity in the soil can be acquired naturally or by land‐use activities such as cleaning mines, extracting resources like oil, and agricultural activities (Shaygan & Baumgartl, 2022). Further, the condition of the soil, soil type, irrigation activity, depth of groundwater, and salinity of the water source, as well as land management practices employed, can have an impact on soil salinization (Ukhurebor et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…agricultural activities (Shaygan & Baumgartl, 2022). Further, the condition of the soil, soil type, irrigation activity, depth of groundwater, and salinity of the water source, as well as land management practices employed, can have an impact on soil salinization (Ukhurebor et al, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of salt‐affected soil in Indo‐Gangetic Plain of Uttar Pradesh and prediction using regression model

Hiranmai,

Neeraj

2023

Land Degrad Dev

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In the present study, multiple sites in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) were examined, and most of the sites were found to be non‐saline, with electrical conductivity (EC) values below 4.0 dSm−1. The highest value of EC 8.5 dSm−1 was reported for samples collected from JAN‐2, which, followed by site RBL‐3, also shows a high value of EC 6.5 dSm−1. The highest CEC (cmolkg−1) was reported in samples collected from site JAN‐1 (8.4), JAN‐2 (8.2), and JAN‐3 (8.21), and the lowest at RBL‐2 (3.99). The highest exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) value of 34.07% was observed at RBL‐3, indicating a potential salinity risk associated with elevated sodium contents. The analysis showed that salt was present at all study sites, and there were strong correlations between the variables examined. The relationship between measured ESP and predicted ESP shows a strong correlation with an r2 value of 0.91, indicating the applicability of ESP–sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Paired samples t‐test results p‐value = 0.27 indicated no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the soil ESP values predicted by the soil ESP–SAR model and those obtained through laboratory testing. The statistical results of the study suggested that the soil ESP–SAR model was reliable for predicting ESP values. The soil ESP differences between the two methods were normally distributed, and the 95% limits of agreement were calculated as −7.79 and 5.55. The mean difference between the ESP–SAR model and the “Measured” method was calculated as 2.24, representing the average deviation between the two. The study presents the ESP–SAR model as a cost‐effective and efficient method for estimating soil ESP and assessing soil salinity. By analyzing soil properties and validating the model, it provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in combating agricultural land degradation in the IGP. The novelty lies in its comprehensive evaluation of soil salinity indices, reinforcing the applicability of the ESP–SAR model for future research and agricultural management.

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Reclamation of Salt-Affected Land: A Review

Cited by 34 publications

References 149 publications

Cyanobacteria as a potential bioasset for restoring degraded land

Cyanobacteria as a potential bioasset for restoring degraded land

Problems, Management, and Prospects of Acid Sulphate Soils in the Ganges Delta

Assessment of salt‐affected soil in Indo‐Gangetic Plain of Uttar Pradesh and prediction using regression model

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