Reclamation of Saline–Sodic Soils with Combined Amendments: Impact on Quinoa Performance and Biological Soil Quality

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the individual and synergic effects of the application of Biochar (B), Humic Substances (HS), and Gypsum (G) on the soil properties of a saline–sodic soil, and plant growth and seed quality (polyphenols, protein and yield) of quinoa. Treatments included (B) 22 t ha−1, (HS) 5 kg ha−1, and (G) 47.7 t ha−1. Two quinoa genotypes from Arid Zones (AZ-51 and AZ-103) were selected and established in eight treatments. The B + HS + G combined treatment resulted in increases in root biomass of 206% and 176% in AZ-51 and AZ-103, respectively. Furthermore, electrical conductivity (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) decreased significantly in all treated soils. When compared to the control, ESP decreased 11-fold in the G treatment, and 9–13-fold in the B + G; B + HS; and B + HS + G treatments. Similarly, soil microbial biomass increased 112% and 322% in the B + HS + G treatment in AZ-51 and AZ-103 genotypes, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of combined amendments (B + HS + G) represents an alternative for reclaiming degraded soils, including saline–sodic soils.

Effect of Soil Amendments and Foliar Application of Potassium Silicate on Wheat Plants Grown under Sodicity Conditions

“…Sodic soils originate mainly in regions with little precipitation (Qadir et al 2008). Soil degradation resulting from sodicity is a main environmental threat to agricultural productivity and soil fertility in arid and semi-arid regions of the world (Alcívar et al 2018). In Egypt, the North Delta contains the biggest area of sodic and saline soils (about 46% of the total area) (El-Ramady et al 2018).…”

“…In Egypt, the North Delta contains the biggest area of sodic and saline soils (about 46% of the total area) (El-Ramady et al 2018). Under sodic soil conditions, the destruction of soil structure is done by clay dispersion due to high exchangeable Na + on the soil colloids (Sonbol et al 2001 andAlcívar et al 2018). Sodicity has a negative influence on plants growth, and leads to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing morphological and physiological changes, increased ion toxicity, decreasing leaf water potential, and altering the biochemical processes (Doklega et al 2021).…”

Aplicación de lixiviados de vermicompost y respuesta agronómica de dos variedades de pimiento

“…En este sentido, Hernández et al (18), reportaron resultados similares en un cultivo de arroz, donde los lixiviados húmicos incrementaron la emisión de raíces y pelos radicales en fase de germinación en cultivo de arroz. Estos efectos se atribuyen a la composición de los lixiviados, que aportan sustancias reguladoras de crecimiento y ácidos húmicos que son responsables del crecimiento de las plantas (19).…”

Cekaman Garam NaCl danTeknik Aplikasi Azolla pada Tanaman Padi

“…Tanah salin merupakan salah satu contohnya dan salinitas merupakan faktor pembatas abiotik utama dalam menurunkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Salinitas tinggi dapat menurunkan produksi tanaman (Temel et al 2016;Alcívar et al 2018;Suárez-Hernández et al 2019), khususnya di daerah kering; menyebabkan ketidaksetimbangan ion/hara, tekanan osmotik, dan oksidatif dalam jaringan tanaman (Zhu 2001); menghambat sintesis pigmen fotosintesis dan proses fotosintesis (El-Ramady et al 2018), serta menurunkan air tanah atau meningkatkan konsentrasi ion dalam jaringan tanaman ke tingkat yang merusak metabolisme (Kalaji & Pietkiewicz 1993).…”

“…Luas lahan salin di Indonesia sendiri adalah 440.300 ha dengan 300.000 ha masuk ke dalam kriteria agak salin dan 140.300 ha masuk ke dalam kategori salin (Purwaningrahayu 2016). Alcívar et al (2018) menggunakan kombinasi biochar, senyawa humik, dan gipsum untuk memperbaiki sifat tanah salin-sodik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kualitas benih gandum. Desokya et al (2018) berdasarkan hasil penelitiannya merekomendasikan menggunakan senyawa humik dan ekstrak daun kelor untuk tanaman sorgum pada tanah salin.…”