Reclamation of Metalliferous Mine Wastes

Phytoremediation Using Algae and Macrophytes: I

“…One way to facilitate such immobilization is by altering the physicochemical properties of the metal-soil complex by introducing a multipurpose anion, such as phosphate, that enhances metal adsorption via anioninduced negative charge and metal precipitation (Bolan et al 2003 ). Addition of humifi ed organic matter (OM) such as compost, together with lime to raise soil pH (Kuo et al 1985 ), is a common practice for immobilizing heavy metals and improving soil conditions, to facilitate revegetation of contaminated soils (Williamson and Johnson 1981 ).…”

Zinc Phytotoxicity

“…The possible role of phytochelatins in metal tolerance by plants remains unclear because these compounds chelate many metals, but ecotypes are often (but not always) selected with specific tolerance to a single metal (Baker, 1987). Although genetic tolerance of metals is theoretically interesting, and has been a persistent challenge to science, it has only been of practical significance in revegetation of highly metal contaminated soils (Williamson and Johnson, 1981). The very requirement for metal tolerance indicates that serious adverse effects are being manifested in ecosystems and the environment.…”

“…Bradshaw and colleagues introduced the use of metal tolerant grasses (and minimal fertilization and limestone application) to revegetate these soils (Bradshaw, 1977;Smith and Bradshaw, 1979;Johnson et aI., 1977;Williamson and Johnson, 1981;Oyler, 1988). 'Merlin' red fescue is very effective at providing erosion control at these sites, and this tolerant plant excludes Zn and Cd very effectively (Chaney et aI., 1990).…”

Revegetation of Abandoned Sulphur Flotation Waste in Keçiborlu, Isparta/Turkey: Heavy Metals Concentrations of Growing Media and <i>Agropyron elongatum</i> Grass

“…The total N was done by using modified Kjeldahl procedure (Kacar, 1994). The available P was extracted by sodium bicarbonate (Olsen and Sommers, 1982) , Na + were extracted by ammonium acetate (Kacar, 1994), extractable Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd and Co were extracted by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic oxidation and hydrolysis of sulphides (S 2-) in the waste leads to the formation of sulphuric acid, thus lowering pH and greatly increasing heavy metal solubility (Williamson and Johnson, 1981;Simón et al, 1999;Clemente et al, 2003). The application of both lime and organic matter to contaminated soil by mineral sulphides caused increasing pH and decreasing EC in soil .…”