Reclaimed Water Use and Energy Consumption: Case Study in Hotel Industry, Beijing

Chen, Yuansheng; Longteng, Zhu; Che, Jian-ming; Hao, Ruirui; Shen, Tian; Zhang, Qian

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29337-0_3

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Qualitative analysis of fatty acids and quantitative analysis fatty acid esters were performed as previously described [28]. Waste food oil was subjected to rapid methyl esterification and then qualitatively analysed through gas chromatograph and mass spectrum (GC-MS) to determine the main components.…”

Section: Ester Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of mixed methanol/ethanol on transesterification of waste food oil using p‐toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst

Zheng

et al. 2015

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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In this study, inexpensive waste food oil was used as raw material, the p‐toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst, the methanol/ethanol as a transesterification agent to prepare biodiesel was reported. The results indicated that the mixed methanol/ethanol contributed to improving the biodiesel performance. Specifically, when mole percentage of ethanol in the total alcohol was 30%, the yield reached 99.55%, and heating value reached 40.47 MJ/Kg. It was higher than that of single methanol and single ethanol as transesterification agent, respectively. The concentration of saturated fatty acid esters in the biodiesel were also increased by mixed methanol/ethanol as transesterification agent (i.e. increase in the proportion of H in C/H), resulting in higher biodiesel heating value. The mixed methanol/ethanol also showed a good synergistic effect in the biodiesel preparation process. The solubility of ethanol in oil is superior to that in methanol, and ethanol plays a double role of the cosolvent and the transesterification agent. Methanol weakened the drawbacks of the steric effect and emulsification effect of ethanol. This study showed that the methanol can be partially substituted by ethanol. It reduced not only the dependence on methanol, but also the yield and heating value of biodiesel can be increased. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1547–1553, 2015

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Section: Ester Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of mixed methanol/ethanol on transesterification of waste food oil using p‐toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst

Zheng

et al. 2015

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One study points out that the formation heat of the anatase phase of TiO 2 is DH ∘ f ,298 ¼ À912 kJ=mol, and its absolute entropy S ∘ 298 ¼ 49:92 kJ=mol [127]. In the structure of the TiO 2 anatase phase, the titanium atom is located at the interstitial site of the octahedron formed by six oxygen atoms, and each octahedron unit includes 1 Ti atom and 2 (here [ …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%