Reclaimed wastewater as an ally to global freshwater sources: a PESTEL evaluation of the barriers

Gul, Shamim; Gani, Khalid Muzamil; Govender, Indrani Hazel; Bux, Faizal

doi:10.2166/aqua.2021.128

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is has already been accomplished with other water alternatives as many desalinated plants are the property of the government so it subsidises the price of desalinated water, making it lower for the farmer. Subsidising the price of reclaimed water for agricultural use is already implemented in other countries, such as Cyprus or the USA (California) where the public administration front a great part of the water price [97]. Respondents also referred to the occasional lack of proper filtering, which, although becoming less and less frequent, still affects some agricultural holdings by clogging their filters.…”

Section: Users' Perceptions Of Reclaimed Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers’ Attitudes towards Irrigating Crops with Reclaimed Water in the Framework of a Circular Economy

et al. 2022

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In a global situation where water constraints are a daily concern and expected to worsen in the upcoming years, finding new water alternatives to guarantee its supply is of critical importance. Against this background, reclaimed water has proved to be a sustainable alternative that recycles wastewater from a circular economy approach, thus enhancing water availability for key sectors such as agriculture. In such a context where public policies should encourage the implementation of this sustainable resource that helps reduce climate change by allowing wastewater reuse, there is too often a lack of knowledge of farmers’ perceptions, thus resulting in them being ineffective. In this sense, studying and analyzing agriculturalists’ perceptions is of interest for the development of appropriate policies that truly foster reclaimed water use in agriculture and enhance its shift from waste to resource. For this research 231 farmers, both long-time users of reclaimed water and non-users, were surveyed to find common and differing attitudes and perceptions. Results show how once farmers start irrigating their crops with this alternative resource there is a marked improvement in their opinion. The high price is the most widespread barrier, which can be tempered with public subsidies that absorb part of this cost. The insights obtained from this research may be of interest to other regions, especially for those in arid and semi-arid climates where water scarcity is a critical problem and sustainability a growing concern.

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Section: Users' Perceptions Of Reclaimed Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers’ Attitudes towards Irrigating Crops with Reclaimed Water in the Framework of a Circular Economy

et al. 2022

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“…Rapid economic development leads to global warming, energy crisis, environmental pollution, and water shortage, and the urgent demand for fresh water is increasing. [1,2] Solar energy is an efficient and sustainable renewable energy, which has been widely used due to its wide distribution, short cycle, and high DOI: 10.1002/macp.202300346 power. [3,4] In recent years, the technology of using solar energy interface evaporation to produce clean water has attracted more and more attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Phase‐Change Composite Aerogel Materials and Its Application in Solar Saline‐Alkali Water Desalination

Dong,

Cao,

Yan

et al. 2023

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Solar energy is an inexhaustible clean energy, and solar evaporation salt water desalination is a promising technology. However, the low evaporation efficiency caused by intermittent solar irradiation is still the main obstacle in the practical application of interface evaporation. A new type of interfacial evaporation material is developed by using the porous adsorption method to fill the phase change material (PCM) paraffin (IPW) into the halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), using polydopamine (PDA) as the photothermal material and encapsulation agent and bacterial cellulose (BC) as the carrier. The low‐temperature crosslinking method prepares the IPW@HNTs@ PDA‐BC phase change composite aerogel. The novel interfacial evaporation material preparation process is simple, and the aerogels can be prepared quickly under normal pressure, which overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional porous adsorption method and long‐time freeze‐drying of aerogels. Under 1 kW m−2 light, the evaporation rate of the PCM is 3.43 kg m−2 h−1, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is 95%. In the dark environment (10 min), the evaporation rate is 2.80 kg m−2 h−1, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is 52.8%. The material exhibits excellent evaporation in acidic, alkaline water, and industrial wastewater. Shortly, it can be used as a promising material for evaporating clean water.

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A Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps Approach for Pestle Analysis in Food Industry

Bhutani,

Gaur,

Panwar

et al. 2023

Emerging Trends in Expert Applications and Security

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Reclaimed wastewater as an ally to global freshwater sources: a PESTEL evaluation of the barriers

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Farmers’ Attitudes towards Irrigating Crops with Reclaimed Water in the Framework of a Circular Economy

Farmers’ Attitudes towards Irrigating Crops with Reclaimed Water in the Framework of a Circular Economy

Preparation of Phase‐Change Composite Aerogel Materials and Its Application in Solar Saline‐Alkali Water Desalination

A Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps Approach for Pestle Analysis in Food Industry

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