Recirculation of Giardia lamblia Assemblage A After Metronidazole Treatment in an Area With Assemblages A, B, and E Sympatric Circulation

Fantinatti, Maria; Lopes-Oliveira, Luiz Antonio Pimentel; Cascais-Figueredo, Tiara; Austriaco-Teixeira, Phelipe; Verissimo, Erika; Bello, Alexandre Ribeiro; Da‐Cruz, Alda Maria

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.571104

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(42 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This, in part, may be related to drug resistance, over-the-counter drugs, nonadherence to optimal dosages, and concurrent use of alcohol which is antagonistic to commonly available drugs such as metronidazole and thus impairing desirable treatment outcomes. The results presented here are also in concordance with findings of previous reports in children from Brazil showing recirculation of assemblage A infections after metronidazole treatment [ 42 , 43 ]. Furthermore, in vitro and animal model studies showed low susceptibility to nitroimidazoles and furazolidone in assemblage A isolates [ 44 ], while higher rates of metronidazole resistance including multidrug resistance to nitroimidazoles were observed among assemblage A isolates from the Czech Republic [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Assemblages and Subassemblages of Giardia duodenalis in Rural Western, Kenya: Association with Sources, Signs, and Symptoms

Barasa,

Indieka,

Shaviya

et al. 2024

Journal of Parasitology Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Giardia duodenalis causes sporadic or epidemic infections in humans. The parasite comprises assemblages A-H with A and B subdivided further into AI-IV and BI-IV subassemblages. Attempts aimed at linking these genotypes with sources and gastrointestinal manifestations of the infection are largely unexplored in rural communities. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, G. duodenalis infection was genotyped and associated with sources, and gastrointestinal signs and symptoms of the disease among residents of Busia County, a rural setting in western Kenya. Demographic and clinical information were captured using standardized forms. Stool specimens were obtained from the patients and used for genotyping at glutamate dehydrogenase and triose-phosphate isomerase loci using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results. Assemblage B (63.6%) was the most prevalent G. duodenalis infection, while A (20.5%) and mixed A/B (15.9%) were also detected. Among the subassemblages, AI (5.7%), AII (8.0%), AIII (3.4), BIII (30.7%), and BIV (17.0%) were diagnosed including the mixed AII/BIII (15.9%), BIII/BIV (15.9%), AI/AIII (2.3%), and AI/AII (1.1%) infections. Binary logistic regression indicated associations for assemblage A with stomach upset, history of nitroimidazole treatment, and residing in a homestead with cattle and B with age<18 years, history of eating outdoors, vomiting, steatorrhea, and residing in a homestead with cattle, goats, and poultry (p<0.05 for all). Among the subassemblages, associations were found for AI with residing in a homestead having cattle and history of nitroimidazole treatment, BIII with residing in a homestead having cattle and poultry, and BIV with steatorrhea (p<0.05 for all). Altogether, this study illustrates that G. duodenalis assemblage B and subassemblage BIII are the most predominant and are linked to age<18 years, gastrointestinal manifestations, and living in a homestead with domestic ruminants and poultry. Conclusion. Targeted mass prophylactic treatment of domestic animals and utilization of gastrointestinal presentations, age<18 years, and a history of nitroimidazole use are useful in the diagnosis and prevention of giardiasis among residents of rural communities.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Assemblages and Subassemblages of Giardia duodenalis in Rural Western, Kenya: Association with Sources, Signs, and Symptoms

Barasa,

Indieka,

Shaviya

et al. 2024

Journal of Parasitology Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Pemba Island, Tanzania, persistent parasitic infection was reported following single-dose albendazole, NTZ and albendazole-nitazoxanide ( Speich et al., 2013 ). Conversely, the rates of Giardia , Cryptosporidium and E. histolytica are high in communities where basic sanitary conditions are unsatisfactory or non-existent; consequently, the frequent episodes of reinfection and protozoan persistence are remarkable in these communities, even after treatment ( Fantinatti et al., 2020 ). In turn, cases of recurrent trichomoniasis are likely to occur due to a lack of adherence to the medication or reinfection from an untreated sexual partner ( Sena et al., 2014 ).…”

Section: Prospects About Of Mucosa-associated Protozoa Infections Per...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Mucosa-Associated Protozoa: Challenges in Chemotherapy and Future Perspectives

Santos

Rebello

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parasitic infections caused by protozoans that infect the mucosal surfaces are widely neglected worldwide. Collectively, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp. and Trichomonas vaginalis infect more than a billion people in the world, being a public health problem mainly in developing countries. However, the exact incidence and prevalence data depend on the population examined. These parasites ultimately cause pathologies that culminate in liver abscesses, malabsorption syndrome, vaginitis, and urethritis, respectively. Despite this, the antimicrobial agents currently used to treat these diseases are limited and often associated with adverse side effects and refractory cases due to the development of resistant parasites. The paucity of drug treatments, absence of vaccines and increasing problems of drug resistance are major concerns for their control and eradication. Herein, potential candidates are reviewed with the overall aim of determining the knowledge gaps and suggest future perspectives for research. This review focuses on this public health problem and focuses on the progress of drug repositioning as a potential strategy for the treatment of mucosal parasites.

show abstract

“…Additionally, limited therapeutic options have intensified this situation. Thus, it is imperative to discover novel anti-giardiasis agents that can improve patient outcomes and reduce the likelihood of drug resistance [13,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Insights into the Giardia lamblia Target of Rapamycin Homolog: A Bioinformatics Approach

Muñoz-Muñoz

Mares-Alejandre

Meléndez-López

et al. 2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

TOR proteins, also known as targets of rapamycin, are serine/threonine kinases involved in various signaling pathways that regulate cell growth. The protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia is the causative agent of giardiasis, a neglected infectious disease in humans. In this study, we used a bioinformatics approach to examine the structural features of GTOR, a G. lamblia TOR-like protein, and predict functional associations. Our findings confirmed that it shares significant similarities with functional TOR kinases, including a binding domain for the FKBP-rapamycin complex and a kinase domain resembling that of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases. In addition, it can form multiprotein complexes such as TORC1 and TORC2. These results provide valuable insights into the structure–function relationship of GTOR, highlighting its potential as a molecular target for controlling G. lamblia cell proliferation. Furthermore, our study represents a step toward rational drug design for specific anti-giardiasis therapeutic agents.

show abstract

Recirculation of Giardia lamblia Assemblage A After Metronidazole Treatment in an Area With Assemblages A, B, and E Sympatric Circulation

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Assemblages and Subassemblages of Giardia duodenalis in Rural Western, Kenya: Association with Sources, Signs, and Symptoms

Assemblages and Subassemblages of Giardia duodenalis in Rural Western, Kenya: Association with Sources, Signs, and Symptoms

An Overview of Mucosa-Associated Protozoa: Challenges in Chemotherapy and Future Perspectives

Structural Insights into the Giardia lamblia Target of Rapamycin Homolog: A Bioinformatics Approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About