Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

Ebeling, James M.; Timmons, Michael B.

doi:10.1002/9781118250105.ch11

Cited by 169 publications

(157 citation statements)

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“…However, the reported studies where performed in laboratory conditions or inside grow-out pond systems, and there is no information about the required stocking density to produce M. tenellum inside a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Available space for RAS is drastically reduced in comparison to traditional pond systems, and these recirculating systems usually present a minimum water exchange with a high flow rate (Ebeling & Timmons, 2012), conditions that could affect the optimum stocking density, since there have been reports that the water replacement rate could affect the growth of freshwater prawns (D'Abramo et al, 2000). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different stocking densities on the growth performance, and survival of M. tenellum reared in a recirculating aquaculture system.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of stocking density on growth and survival of the prawn Macrobrachium tenellum, cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system

Peña-Herrejón

Sánchez-Velázquez

García‐Trejo

et al. 2019

LAJAR

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The stocking density of the freshwater prawn native to the Mexican Pacific coast, Macrobrachium tenellum, has not been evaluated in a recirculating aquaculture system. M. tenellum prawns with an average wet weight of 1.71 ± 0.11 g were reared for 60 days at three stocking densities (T1 = 10 ind m -2 ; T2 = 15 ind m -2 ; T3 = 20 ind m -2 ), in nine (1 m 2 ) tanks connected to a recirculating aquaculture system inside a greenhouse. Average individual weight gain (AIWG), biomass weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate (SR) were determined. Stocking density affected the BWG and SR. The lowest BWG was observed at the highest density (T1, 20.70 ± 4.75 g m -2 ; T2, 20.75 ± 4.72 g m -2 ; T3, 11.31 ± 3.65 g m -2 ), although weight per area unit increased with densities. SR decreased with increasing density (T1, 77.77 ± 9.62%; T2, 59.25 ± 12.83%; T3, 44.44 ± 4.81%). Other parameters did not show a difference between densities, with a maximum average individual weight at T2 (5.41 ± 1.14 g). The overall results suggested that stocking density affected the productivity and survival but not the individual growth of juvenile M. tenellum prawns cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system.

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confidence: 99%

Effect of stocking density on growth and survival of the prawn Macrobrachium tenellum, cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system

Peña-Herrejón

Sánchez-Velázquez

García‐Trejo

et al. 2019

LAJAR

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“…Water temperature was recorded once every 5 min throughout the trial using an underwater temperature sensor (Hobo‐U11; ONSET, Bourne, MA). All water quality parameters were within normal ranges (Azaza, Dhraief, & Kraiem, ; Boyd & Tucker, ; Ebeling & Timmons, ) for tilapia (mean ± SD , temperature 27.3 ± 0.3°C; pH 8.38 ± 0.15; EC 0.50 ± 0.01 dSm; O 2 7.12 ± 0.05 ppm; NH 4 0.43 ± 0.29 ppm) and were not significantly different between treatments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect ofArthrospirasupplementation onOreochromis niloticusgut microbiota and flesh quality

et al. 2019

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Supplementing fish feed with Arthrospira platensis has several beneficial effects, such as improved growth, survival and feed conversion, but little is known about how it affects gut microbiota or flesh quality. In this trial, feed with 3% A. platensis was given to Oreochromis niloticus (SPR, spirulina supplemented) over a period of 50 days and their gut microbiota and flesh quality were compared with controls (CTRs, no supplementation). Average daily growth was higher in SPR fish (p < 0.05). Regarding microbiota, a total of 5,470,272 readings (individuals) were obtained from 16 gut samples (n = 8 CTR, n = 8 SPR), with a gamma diversity of 1,563 species but no significant differences were found between treatments. Among the high inter‐individual variability found, some individual microbiota were dominated by Proteobacteria (36.6%) and Fusobacteria (32.9%) and others more by Actinobacteria (37%). Regarding flesh quality, significant differences were observed in flesh colour post‐mortem (a*, b* and chroma) (p < 0.05), with higher reflectance in the range of 470–500 and 620–670 nm in SPR tilapia, which corresponds with the reflectance range of β‐carotene and phycocyanin. However, rigor mortis was resolved earlier in SPR fish (p < 0.05), which suggests a shorter shelf life. Adding 3% of A. platensis in O. niloticus diet can improve growth and flesh colour and does not appear to modify intestinal microbiota.

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“…In particular, the intensive land‐based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) technology is regarded as having considerable growth potential (Dalsgaard et al., ). According to Ebeling and Timmons (), indoor aquaculture is probably the only potential method to ensure a relatively high level of seafood safety. In the case of postsmolt Atlantic salmon farming to marketable size, there are currently only a few land‐based RAS in operation, mainly located in Denmark, China, and Canada (Iversen, Andreassen, Hermansen, Larsen, & Terjesen, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle assessment of recirculating aquaculture systems: A case of Atlantic salmon farming in China

Song

Liu

Pettersen

et al. 2019

J of Industrial Ecology

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Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are an alternative technology to tackle the major environmental challenges associated with conventional cage culture systems. In order to systematically assess the environmental performance of RAS farming, it is important to take the whole life cycle into account so as to avoid ad hoc and suboptimal environmental measures. So far, the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) in aquaculture, especially to indoor RAS, is still in progress. This study reports on an LCA of Atlantic salmon harvested at an indoor RAS farm in northern China. Results showed that 1 tonne live‐weight salmon production required 7,509 kWh farm‐level electricity and generated 16.7 tonnes of CO2 equivalent (eq), 106 kg of SO2 eq, 2.4 kg of P eq, and 108 kg of N eq (cradle‐to‐farm gate). In particular, farm‐level electricity use and feed product were identified as primary contributors to eight of nine impact categories assessed (54–95% in total), except the potential marine eutrophication (MEU) impact (dominated by the grow‐out effluents). Among feed ingredients (on a dry‐weight basis), chicken meal (5%) and krill meal (8%) dominated six and three, respectively, of the nine impact categories. Suggested environmental improvement measures for this indoor RAS farm included optimization of stocking density, feeding management, grow‐out effluent treatment, substitution of feed ingredients, and selection of electricity generation sources. In a generic context, this study can contribute to a better understanding of the life cycle environmental impacts of land‐based salmon RAS operations, as well as science‐based communication among stakeholders on more eco‐friendly farmed salmon.

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Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

Cited by 169 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of stocking density on growth and survival of the prawn Macrobrachium tenellum, cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system

Effect of stocking density on growth and survival of the prawn Macrobrachium tenellum, cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system

Effect ofArthrospirasupplementation onOreochromis niloticusgut microbiota and flesh quality

Life cycle assessment of recirculating aquaculture systems: A case of Atlantic salmon farming in China

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