Reciprocal transplantations reveal strong niche differentiation among ploidy-differentiated species of the Senecio carniolicus aggregate (Asteraceae) in the easternmost Alps

Hülber, Karl; Sonnleitner, Michaela; Haider, Julian; Schwentenwein, Martin; Winkler, Manuela; Schneeweiss, Gerald M.; Schönswetter, Peter

doi:10.1007/s00035-018-0209-2

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…We found generally little effect of ploidy on the manifestation of local adaptation, in line with previous studies that reported a lack of both ecological niche differentiation and phenotypic differentiation between diploid and tetraploid A. arenosa populations in the focal regions of Western Carpathians (VT and ZT; Morgan et al, 2020; Wos et al, 2019). A few studies investigated adaptive differences between cytotypes using a transplantation experiment demonstrating either (i) a superiority of one cytotype in all transplantation sites (Buggs & Pannell, 2007) or (ii) that each cytotype performed better at its site of origin (Raabová et al, 2008) or (iii) finding no difference or clear trends in adaptation (Baack & Stanton, 2005; Duchoslav et al, 2017; Hülber et al, 2018). These contrasting results can likely be explained by a combination of factors including demographic processes and evolutionary history of the cytotypes studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel local adaptation to an alpine environment in Arabidopsis arenosa

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel local adaptation to an alpine environment in Arabidopsis arenosa

et al. 2022

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“…In Allium oleraceum , plants of the local ploidy level showed higher performance only for some fitness traits (Duchoslav et al., ). For the 2 x , 4 x , and 6 x species of the Senecio carniolicus complex, relative fitness of residents and transplants appear to depend on life‐history stage (Hülber et al., ; see also Raabová et al., ). Our experimental planting of rosettes from many populations of the two cytotypes of Saxifraga into two transplant sites with contrasting climates was not a reciprocal transplant experiment in the strict sense because the plants did not occur naturally at exactly those sites, but the results nevertheless suggest greater adaptation of S. rosacea to cold conditions and of S. sponhemica to warmer conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological niche differences between two polyploid cytotypes of Saxifraga rosacea

Decanter

Colling

Elvinger

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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Premise Different cytotypes of a species may differ in their morphology, phenology, physiology, and their tolerance of extreme environments. We studied the ecological niches of two subspecies of Saxifraga rosacea with different ploidy levels: the hexaploid Central European endemic subspecies sponhemica and the more widely distributed octoploid subspecies rosacea. Methods For both cytotypes, we recorded local environmental conditions and mean plant trait values in populations across their areas of distribution, analyzed their distributions by niche modeling, studied their performance at two transplant sites with contrasting conditions, and experimentally tested their cold resistance. Results Mean annual temperature was higher in hexaploid than in octoploid populations and experiments indicated that frost tolerance of the hexaploid is lower than that of the octoploid. Reproduction of octoploids from Central Europe was higher than that of hexaploids at a transplant site in subarctic Iceland, whereas the opposite was true in temperate Luxembourg, indicating adaptation of the octoploids to colder conditions. Temperature variables were also most important in niche models predicting the distribution of the two cytotypes. Genetic differences in survival among populations were larger for the octoploids than for the hexaploids in both field gardens, suggesting that greater genetic variability may contribute to the octoploid's larger distributional range. Conclusions Our results support the hypotheses that different cytotypes may have different niches leading to spatial segregation, and that higher ploidy levels can result in a broader ecological niche and greater tolerance of more extreme conditions.

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“…Although most of the work on evolutionary biology has studied the role of variation in ploidy in promoting differences in fitness between species, much less has been explored its effect in promoting niche differences between genotypes (Alonso-Marcos et al 2019; Hülber et al 2018; Balao et al 2011). Our results strongly suggest that ploidy variation promotes the demographic consequences of niche differences which stabilize the population dynamics of competing genotypes and further indicate that this effect is in turn strongly influenced by the degree of heterozygosity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ploidy and genetic diversity on competitive outcomes

Pérez-Romero

García-Muñoz

Olivieri

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Genetic diversity affects evolutionary trajectories but their ultimate effects on ecological interactions and community dynamics remains poorly understood. It has been hypothesized that phenotypic novelties produced by ploidy and heterozygosity modify the ecological interactions between novel genotypes and more ancient locally adapted ones, and therefore, their opportunities to coexist. We performed a greenhouse competition experiment with three taxa of the Erysimum incanum species complex differing in ploidy (2x, 4x and 6x) and heterozygosity (high and low). This experiment allows us to parameterize a population model to test the effect of genetic diversity on modulating the ecological forces that determine the outcome of competition, niche and fitness differences. Depending on whether ploidy variation and the level of heterozygosity made interspecific competition greater or smaller than intraspecific competition, we predicted either priority effects or coexistence. Such competitive outcome differences were explained by the phenotypic expression in the number of stalks (plant size surrogate) with genotypes under priority effects showing more stalks. Altogether, our results show that non-polyploid plants can coexist with polyploids contravening theoretical expectations of polyploidy dominance under stable conditions. However, historical contingency such as order of arrival promotes priority effects when adaptive phenotypic optimums strongly compete for space.

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Reciprocal transplantations reveal strong niche differentiation among ploidy-differentiated species of the Senecio carniolicus aggregate (Asteraceae) in the easternmost Alps

Cited by 5 publications

References 58 publications

Parallel local adaptation to an alpine environment in Arabidopsis arenosa

Parallel local adaptation to an alpine environment in Arabidopsis arenosa

Ecological niche differences between two polyploid cytotypes of Saxifraga rosacea

Effects of ploidy and genetic diversity on competitive outcomes

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