Reciprocal Activities of the Ventromedial and Lateral Hypothalamic Areas of Cats

Osuga, Yutaka; Kimura, Katsumi; Ooyama, Hiroshi; Maéno, Takashi; Iki, Matasaburo; Kuniyoshi, Makoto

doi:10.1126/science.143.3605.484

Cited by 255 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Plasma glucose and lipid profile Oomura et al (1964) and Anand and Pillai (1967) identified neurons within areas of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) that altered their firing rates when plasma glucose levels changed. These areas were explored first because of their proposed roles as "feeding" and "satiety" centers respectively, making it logical that they might monitor peripheral glucose levels as a means of controlling ingestion (Grill and Bjorklund 2000).…”

Section: Plasma Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectual comparison of quinoa and amaranth supplemented diets in controlling appetite; a biochemical study in rats

Mithila

Khanum

2015

J Food Sci Technol

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The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of two current cynosure protein substitutes; quinoa and amaranth in controlling short term food intake and satiety in rats. Experimental rats were allotted to three groups (n=8 per group) and fed with diets containing casein, quinoa and amaranth as major protein sources, with casein diet kept as control. At the end of the experiment it was observed that the rats ingesting quinoa and amaranth supplemented diets exhibited lesser food intake (p<0.01) and lesser body weight gain significantly in amaranth (p<0.05) as compared to control. They seemed to bring down plasma ghrelin levels while meliorating plasma leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK) levels postprandially (p < 0.01). Although both quinoa diet and amaranth diet were effective in improving blood glucose response and maintaining plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and general lipid profiles subsequently after the meal, amaranth diet showed significant effects when compared to control and amaranth diets. There was 15 % improvement in blood glucose profile in the amaranth group with respect to the control at 90 min, where as there was only 3.4 % improvement in the quinoa group. These findings provide a scientific rationale to consider incorporation of these modest cereals in a diet meant to fight against growing obesity and poverty.

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Section: Plasma Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectual comparison of quinoa and amaranth supplemented diets in controlling appetite; a biochemical study in rats

Mithila

Khanum

2015

J Food Sci Technol

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“…It is likely that the brain integrates information both locally, through neuronal glucose-sensing machinery, and from peripheral sensors. The knowledge that neurons respond to changes in glucose was generated from exquisite electrophysiological experiments, which indicated that neurons can be either inhibited or excited by extracellular glucose changes (Anand et al 1964, Oomura et al 1964, Routh 2002, Wang et al 2004. The hypothalamus is a recognized brain center involved in the central control of glucose homeostasis, with the lateral, arcuate, and ventromedial hypothalamic regions linked to glucose sensing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose regulates AMP-activated protein kinase activity and gene expression in clonal, hypothalamic neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin: additive effects of leptin or insulin

Cai¹,

Gyulkhandanyan²,

Wheeler³

et al. 2007

Journal of Endocrinology

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The mammalian hypothalamus comprises an array of phenotypically distinct cell types that interpret peripheral signals of energy status and, in turn, elicits an appropriate response to maintain energy homeostasis. We used a clonal representative hypothalamic cell model expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC; N-43/5) to study changes in AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and glucose responsiveness. We have demonstrated the presence of cellular machinery responsible for glucose sensing in the cell line, including glucokinase, glucose transporters, and appropriate ion channels. ATP-sensitive potassium channels were functional and responded to glucose. The N-43/5 POMC neurons may therefore be an appropriate cell model to study glucose-sensing mechanisms in the hypothalamus. In N-43/5 POMC neurons, increasing glucose concentrations decreased phospho-AMPK activity. As a relevant downstream effect, we found that POMC transcription increased with 2 . 8 and 16 . 7 mM glucose. Upon addition of leptin, with either no glucose or with 5 mM glucose, we found that leptin decreased AMPK activity in N-43/5 POMC neurons, but had no significant effect at 25 mM glucose, whereas insulin decreased AMPK activity at only 5 mM glucose. These results demonstrate that individual hypothalamic neuronal cell types, such as the POMC neuron, can have distinct responses to peripheral signals that relay energy status to the brain, and will therefore be activated uniquely to control neuroendocrine function.

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“…Here we focus on their role(s) in glucose homeostasis, particularly in the hypothalamus. Early electrophysiological studies identified a reciprocal response of hypothalamic neurons to applied glucose [3,111,112]. In the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), a majority of responding neurons increased their firing rate (glucose-responsive or glucose-stimulated), whereas in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), a majority reduced their activity (glucose-sensitive or glucose-inhibited).…”

Section: Acetylcholine and Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABCC8 and ABCC9: ABC transporters that regulate K+ channels

Bryan

Muñoz

Zhang

et al. 2006

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

145

111

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The sulfonylurea receptors (SURs) ABCC8/ SUR1 and ABCC9/SUR2 are members of the C-branch of the transport adenosine triphosphatase superfamily. Unlike their brethren, the SURs have no identified transport function; instead, evolution has matched these molecules with K + selective pores, either K IR 6.1/KCNJ8 or K IR 6.2/ KCNJ11, to assemble adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K + channels found in endocrine cells, neurons, and both smooth and striated muscle. Adenine nucleotides, the major regulators of ATP-sensitive K + (K ATP ) channel activity, exert a dual action. Nucleotide binding to the pore reduces the activity or channel open probability, whereas Mg-nucleotide binding and/or hydrolysis in the nucleotidebinding domains of SUR antagonize this inhibitory action to stimulate channel openings. Mutations in either subunit can alter this balance and, in the case of the SUR1/KIR6.2 channels found in neurons and insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells, are the cause of monogenic forms of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and neonatal diabetes. Additionally, the subtle dysregulation of K ATP channel activity by a K IR 6.2 polymorphism has been suggested as a predisposing factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Studies on K ATP channel null mice are clarifying the roles of these metabolically sensitive channels in a variety of tissues.

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Reciprocal Activities of the Ventromedial and Lateral Hypothalamic Areas of Cats

Cited by 255 publications

References 3 publications

Effectual comparison of quinoa and amaranth supplemented diets in controlling appetite; a biochemical study in rats

Effectual comparison of quinoa and amaranth supplemented diets in controlling appetite; a biochemical study in rats

Glucose regulates AMP-activated protein kinase activity and gene expression in clonal, hypothalamic neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin: additive effects of leptin or insulin

ABCC8 and ABCC9: ABC transporters that regulate K+ channels

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