Experimental information available in the literature for the density behavior of the saturated liquid state of 46 nonpolar and polar substances has been modeled according to the expression, pR = 1 + a( 1 -T,)"' + p( 1 -T,)" , in which pR is the ratio of the density at reduced temperature T , to the critical density. This relationship has been found to apply over the complete range between the triple point and the critical point. Exponent rn is a universal constant (rn = I*). The critical constants and normal boiling points are needed to establish a, p, and n for nonpolar substances. For polar substances, the dipole moment is also required. Saturated liquid densities calculated with correlated values of a, p, and n have been compared with corresponding experimental measurements to yield an overall average deviation of 0.83% (4284 points) for the 46 substances used in this development. This generalized treatment has been applied to 16 additional substances to yield for them an average deviation of 1.14 % (669 points).The ability to predict saturated liquid densities for elements and compounds continues to play an important role in the treatment of thermodynamic properties. Although the calculation of such densities is possible through the use of an equation of state more often than not, the calculated saturated densities are not in good agreement with corresponding experimental measurements. Rather than relying on an equation of state to calculate saturated liquid densities, it is perhaps more expeditious to utilize a relationship that applies directly to the saturated liquid state. Early attempts express the dependence of density in the form of first, second, and third degree polynomials in temperature (82). Although the form of such relationships proves satisfadory for temperatures approaching the normal boiling point, it does not accommodate the density behavior at higher temperatures, particularly near the critical point.Riedel (161) presented a generalized relationship for the reduced saturated liquid density in terms of reduced temperature as follows PR = 1 + 0.85(1 -TR) + (0.53 + 0.2ac)(1 -TR)"3 (1) Equation 1 is applicable to nonpolar and nonassociating polar liquids between their triple points and critical points. The Riedel factor, a, = (d In PR/d In TR)TR=l.oo, has been shown by Reid and Sherwood (160) to relate to the Pitzer acentric factor, w , as follows
(2)Thus, by substitution, eq 1 may be expressed in terms of w through the relationship w = 0.2O3(ac -7.00) + 0.242Equation 3 is somewhat more convenient to apply than eq 1, since values of w are more accessible than corresponding values of ac.Yen and Woods (222) investigated the density behavior of 62 pure compounds, whose critical compressibility factors range from z, = 0.21 to z, = 0.29, and proposed the relationship /JR = 1 + A(1 -TR)'I3 + B(1 -TRI2l3 + D(1 -TR)4'3where A , B, and D are given as third-order polynomials in 2,. These investigators reported an average deviation of 2.1% (693 points) for the 62 substances.