Rechargeable lithium/sulfur battery with suitable mixed liquid electrolytes

Lithium/Sulfur Secondary Batteries: A Review

“…Importantly, it evidenced the valid design of all solid state Li/S cells [122]. Gel PEs based on a micro-porous matrix of PVdF/P(VdF-HFP) activated with liquid electrolytes were found to be suited for room temperature performance of Li/S cells [49]. Rao et al reported Li/S cells combining sulfur-carbon nanofibers and gel PEs based on PAN/PMMA electorspun membranes which advantageously provided an effective conduction path.…”

“…The solvents have been used either alone or as binary/ternary mixtures. More often, a mixture of solvents was found more suitable than single solvents [48,49,108]. Sulfur-based compounds such as S 8 , Li 2 S and polysulfides serve as the active materials during the charge/discharge processes in a Li/S battery, and the electrolyte solvent should dissolve these materials well to avoid irreversible precipitation.…”

“…Liquid electrolytes based on solutions of lithium salts such as lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), LiCF 3 SO 3 and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in nonaqueous solvents such as TEGDME, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), diglyme (DG), ethylene carbonate (EC)/ dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/ ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), PC/EC, 2-ethoxyethyl ether (EEE), triglyme and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME) have been evaluated in Li/S batteries [48,49,[104][105][106][107]. The physical properties of commonly used solvents have been listed in Table 2.…”

“…The binders most commonly used in Li/S cells are polymeric materials which may be (a) ionically conducting, like PEO [11,12,33,35,[39][40][41], nafion [42], polyacrylic acid (PAA) [43], (b) electronically conducting, like polyanilines and polypyrroles [44,45], or (c) inert, like poly(tetrafluoro ethylene) (PTFE) [46][47][48], fluorinated polymers like PVdF and poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene) (PVdF-HFP) [31,44,[49][50][51][52], polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) [53], gelatin [54,55], carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and styrene-butadiene rubbers [13,56,57]. The binder has to strongly bind the positive active material and conductive agent to the current collector and enhance the mechanical integrity of the electrode.…”

Influence of pH of Gelatin Solution on Cycle Performance of the Sulfur Cathode

“…[5][6][7] However, lithium-sulfur batteries have critical drawbacks in the aspect of cycle life, rate capability, and sulfur utilization. 8,9 There were many attempts to overcome these problems, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] such as optimization of the organic electrolyte and room-temperature ionic liquid, sulfurhigh porous carbon composite, and sulfur-coated multiwalled carbon nanotube composite. Some interesting cathode developments involving sulfides have been reported recently: highly ordered interwoven C-S composites were created and its polymer modification reached reversible capacities up to 1320 mAh g −1 .…”