Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries in MgSO4/ZnSO4 Hybrid Electrolytes

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS • Divalent magnesium ions as electrolyte additives are first used to improve the performance of vanadium-based cathodes for aqueous ZIBs. • Pre-adding magnesium ions into electrolytes provide an appropriate equilibrium balance between the dissolution and recombination of magnesium vanadates, thus suppress the continuous dissolution of active materials, and lead to a higher stability of the electrode. • The hybrid aqueous electrolytes with cost-effective ZnSO 4 and MgSO 4 salts show a better competitive prospective for the stationary grid-scale applications.

High-Capacity and Long-Lifespan Aqueous LiV3O8/Zn Battery Using Zn/Li Hybrid Electrolyte

“…Structure and spectroscopy characterizations demonstrated that the high electronic conductivity of graphene and the shielding effect of water molecules jointly improved the reversibility of Zn 2+ insertion/extraction into/from V 2 O 5 and promoted the diffusion kinetics of Zn 2+ ions Recent studies [26,27] demonstrate that adjusting the electrolyte composition is also an effective method for improving battery performance. Zhang et al [28] reported that pre-adding magnesium ions into the electrolyte could provide an appropriate equilibrium balance between the dissolution and recombination of magnesium vanadate, thus leading to high cyclic stability of the Mg x V 2 O 5 •nH 2 O cathode in AZIBs.…”

Improvement of structural stability of cathode by manganese additive in electrolyte for zinc‐ion batteries

“…When an MnO 2 cathode is used, zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 )‐based mild acidic electrolytes are preferred over alkaline electrolytes owing to their high reversibility and high stability 9,13,14 . Unfortunately, all MnO 2 cathodes show rapid capacity fading during repeated cycles, which has been reported to be caused by the dissolution of Mn (Jahn‐Teller distortion) in the electrolyte 15‐17 . The Zn 2+ ‐insertion‐induced phase change and the following collapse of the structure of the MnO 2 cathodes, which result in low‐rate capability and poor cycling stability, have limited the use of ZIBs 15‐17 .…”

“…9,13,14 Unfortunately, all MnO 2 cathodes show rapid capacity fading during repeated cycles, which has been reported to be caused by the dissolution of Mn (Jahn-Teller distortion) in the electrolyte. [15][16][17] The Zn 2+ -insertion-induced phase change and the following collapse of the structure of the MnO 2 cathodes, which result in low-rate capability and poor cycling stability, have limited the use of ZIBs. [15][16][17] Notably, for high-performance ZIBs, a judicious choice of an appropriate electrolyte with an additive is as important as identifying a promising cathode.…”

“…[15][16][17] The Zn 2+ -insertion-induced phase change and the following collapse of the structure of the MnO 2 cathodes, which result in low-rate capability and poor cycling stability, have limited the use of ZIBs. [15][16][17] Notably, for high-performance ZIBs, a judicious choice of an appropriate electrolyte with an additive is as important as identifying a promising cathode. While the addition of Mn 2+ salt has been proposed to prevent Mn dissolution, the underlying interaction between the cathode and electrolyte remains unclear.…”

Co3O4 Hollow Porous Nanospheres with Oxygen Vacancies for Enhanced Li–O2 Batteries

“…As a fascinating energy storage technology, rechargeable lithium–air batteries have attracted extensive research interest because of the ultrahigh gravimetric energy density (specific energy, ∼3600 Wh kg –1 ) compared with Li-/Na-/Zn-ion or Li–sulfur batteries. − However, there are still some facing challenges that critically impede the practical applications of the present Li–O 2 batteries, including low energy efficiency, poor cycling life, and limited rate capability, which are mainly ascribed to the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution/reduction reactions (OER/ORR) occurring on the positive electrode of air as well as the low-efficiency reversible decomposition of the discharge products. − …”