Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc–Halogen Batteries: Fundamental Mechanisms, Research Issues, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Aqueous zinc–halogen batteries (AZHBs) have emerged as promising candidates for energy storage applications due to their high security features and low cost. However, several challenges including natural subliming, sluggish reaction kinetics, and shuttle effect of halogens, as well as dendrite growth of the zinc (Zn) anode, have hindered their large‐scale commercialization. In this review, first the fundamental mechanisms and scientific issues associated with AZHBs are summarized. Then the research issues and progresses related to the cathode, separator, anode, and electrolyte are discussed. Additionally, emerging research opportunities in this field is explored. Finally, ideas and prospects for the future development of AZHBs are presented. The objective of this review is to stimulate further exploration, foster the advancement of AZHBs, and contribute to the diversified development of electrochemical energy storage.

A critical discussion of the current availability of lithium and zinc for use in batteries

“…We limited our focus to the model of mildly acidic aqueous Zn-MnO 2 rechargeable cell chemistry and did not analyse other zinc-based systems investigated in current research, such as rechargeable alkaline batteries 27 , 28 or zinc-halogen batteries 29 , which are capable, at a lab-scale level, of improving the cell voltage compared to our model system. However, it should be pointed out that considerations about the zinc supply chain and the cost of the raw materials apply to these chemistries, too, and they could be the subject of similar assessments in future works.…”

Cyanide Bridged Framework Nanoplates Catalytic Interlayer for High Performance Zinc‐Iodine Battery

“…One of the most crucial issues in zinc‐ion battery is to find an excellent cathode material [3,4] . Halogen‐based cathodes are the most popular candidates for zinc ion batteries due to its low cost and high energy density [5–8] . The success of halogen based dual‐plating electrochemistry in zinc‐halogen flow batteries has proved its availability to use same configuration in zinc‐ion batteries [9,10] …”