Recessive Resistance in
            <i>Pisum sativum</i>
            and Potyvirus Pathotype Resolved in a Gene-for-Cistron Correspondence between Host and Virus

Johansen, Elisabeth; Lund, Ole; Hjulsager, Charlotte Kristiane; Laursen, Jesper

doi:10.1128/jvi.75.14.6609-6614.2001

Cited by 102 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…1), is a Ϸ42-kDa nonstructural protein and is one of the least well characterized Potyvirus proteins. It may be involved in virus replication, pathogenicity, resistance breaking, and systemic infection (6,9,(21)(22)(23). It is interesting that previous investigations into the function and localization of P3 have produced conflicting results (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

An overlapping essential gene in the Potyviridae

Chung

Miller

Atkins

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

751

502

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The family Potyviridae includes >30% of known plant virus species, many of which are of great agricultural significance. These viruses have a positive sense RNA genome that is Ϸ10 kb long and contains a single long ORF. The ORF is translated into a large polyprotein, which is cleaved into Ϸ10 mature proteins. We report the discovery of a short ORF embedded within the P3 cistron of the polyprotein but translated in the ؉2 reading-frame. The ORF, termed pipo, is conserved and has a strong bioinformatic coding signature throughout the large and diverse Potyviridae family. Mutations that knock out expression of the PIPO protein in Turnip mosaic potyvirus but leave the polyprotein amino acid sequence unaltered are lethal to the virus. Immunoblotting with antisera raised against two nonoverlapping 14-aa antigens, derived from the PIPO amino acid sequence, reveals the expression of an Ϸ25-kDa PIPO fusion product in planta. This is consistent with expression of PIPO as a P3-PIPO fusion product via ribosomal frameshifting or transcriptional slippage at a highly conserved G 1-2A6-7 motif at the 5 end of pipo. This discovery suggests that other short overlapping genes may remain hidden even in well studied virus genomes (as well as cellular organisms) and demonstrates the utility of the software package MLOGD as a tool for identifying such genes.P3 ͉ PIPO ͉ Potyvirus ͉ Turnip mosaic virus ͉ frameshift

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

An overlapping essential gene in the Potyviridae

Chung

Miller

Atkins

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

751

502

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thus, if virus isolates emerge that overcome these recessive resistance genes, the viral determinant responsible might not be VPg. In fact, the resistance conferred by sbm-2 was overcome by PSbMV mutants that have mutations corresponding to the N-terminal part of the P3 protein (29,30). In this study, the breaking of cyv1 resistance by ClYVV was attributed to the P3 cistron.…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

Quantitative and Qualitative Involvement of P3N-PIPO in Overcoming Recessive Resistance against Clover Yellow Vein Virus in Pea Carrying the cyv1 Gene

Choi

Hagiwara‐Komoda

Nakahara

et al. 2013

J Virol

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In pea carrying cyv1, a recessive gene for resistance to Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), ClYVV isolate Cl-no30 was restricted to the initially infected cells, whereas isolate 90-1 Br2 overcame this resistance. We mapped the region responsible for breaking of cyv1-mediated resistance by examining infection of cyv1 pea with chimeric viruses constructed from parts of Cl-no30 and 90-1 Br2. The breaking of resistance was attributed to the P3 cistron, which is known to produce two proteins: P3, from the main open reading frame (ORF), and P3N-PIPO, which has the N-terminal part of P3 fused to amino acids encoded by a small open reading frame (ORF) called PIPO in the ؉2 reading frame. We introduced point mutations that were synonymous with respect to the P3 protein but nonsynonymous with respect to the P3N-PIPO protein, and vice versa, into the chimeric viruses. Infection of plants with these mutant viruses revealed that both P3 and P3N-PIPO were involved in overcoming cyv1-mediated resistance. Moreover, P3N-PIPO quantitatively affected the virulence of Cl-no30 in cyv1 pea. Additional expression in trans of the P3N-PIPO derived from Cl-no30, using White clover mosaic virus as a vector, enabled Cl-no30 to move to systemic leaves in cyv1 pea. Susceptible pea plants infected with chimeric ClYVV possessing the P3 cistron of 90-1 Br2, and which were therefore virulent toward cyv1 pea, accumulated more P3N-PIPO than did those infected with Cl-no30, suggesting that the higher level of P3N-PIPO in infected cells contributed to the breaking of resistance by 90-1 Br2. This is the first report showing that P3N-PIPO is a virulence determinant in plants resistant to a potyvirus.

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“…The functions of P3 remain largely obscure (Johansen et al 2001). Both N-and C-terminal portions of P3 contained many essential sites.…”

Section: P3 Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Genomics on Potato Virus A: Virus Genome-Wide Map of Sites Essential for Virus Propagation

Kekarainen¹,

Savilahti²,

Valkonen³

2002

Genome Res.

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Transposition-based in vitro insertional mutagenesis strategies provide promising new approaches for functional characterization of any cloned gene or genome region. We have extended the methodology and scope of such analysis to a complete viral genome. To map genome regions both essential and nonessential for Potato virus A propagation, we generated a genomic 15-bp insertion mutant library utilizing the efficient in vitro DNA transposition reaction of phage Mu. We then determined the proficiency of 1125 mutants to propagate in tobacco protoplasts by using a genetic footprinting strategy that simultaneously mapped the genomic insertion sites. Over 300 sites critical for virus propagation were identified, and many of them were located in positions previously not assigned to any viral functions. Many genome regions tolerated insertions indicating less important sites for virus propagation and thus pinpointed potential locations for further genome manipulation. The methodology described is applicable to a detailed functional analysis of any viral nucleic acid cloned as DNA and can be used to address many different processes during viral infection cycles

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Recessive Resistance in Pisum sativum and Potyvirus Pathotype Resolved in a Gene-for-Cistron Correspondence between Host and Virus

Cited by 102 publications

References 39 publications

An overlapping essential gene in the Potyviridae

An overlapping essential gene in the Potyviridae

Quantitative and Qualitative Involvement of P3N-PIPO in Overcoming Recessive Resistance against Clover Yellow Vein Virus in Pea Carrying the cyv1 Gene

Functional Genomics on Potato Virus A: Virus Genome-Wide Map of Sites Essential for Virus Propagation

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